[118] The proclamation of Ponce de Leon is quoted in Helps, _The Conquerors of the New World and Their Bondsmen_, etc., ii, pp. 111–116. This peculiar summons to surrender had been used by the Spanish explorers and conquerors since 1509. After telling the Indians of the creation of the world, it traced the title thereto to St. Peter, and thence to the ruling pope. It cited also the grant of the Indies by the pope to the sovereigns of Castile; and after urging the Indians to acknowledge their fealty to these sovereigns, it threatened them with war and slavery if they refused. [119] Lowery, _op. cit._, p. 169. [120] _The Narrative of Cabeza de Vaca_, in _Original Narratives of Early American History_, ii, p. 25. [121] _Ibid._, ii, p. 30. [122] Bourne, _op. cit._, i, p. 20. [123] Buckingham Smith, _Life of De Soto_, p. 170. [124] Bourne, _op. cit._, ii, pp. 60, 94, 97, 103, 105. [125] Bourne, _op. cit._, i, p. 34. [126] _Ibid._, i, p. 45; ii, pp. 25, 121. [127] _Ibid._, i, p. 70; ii, pp. 72, 75, 117, 129. [128] Coronado, in his letter to Mendoza, August 3, 1540, mentions both negroes and Indians in the expedition. He does not allude to their being slaves. In other parts of the letter, he mentions friendly Indians accompanying the expedition. _Coronado’s Letter to Mendoza_, in the _Fourteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology_; Shea, _The Catholic Church in Colonial Days_, p. 114. [129] _The Narrative of the Expedition of Coronado_, by Pedro de Castañeda, in _Original Narratives of Early American History_, ii, p. 324. [130] Lowery, _op. cit._, pp. 156–157; Martin, _The History of North Carolina from the Earliest Period_, i, p. 2. [131] _The Narrative of Cabeza de Vaca_ in _Original Narratives of Early American History_, i, pp. 25–118. Among the Indians of this region, who were carried away into captivity, were Yaqui who long afterwards remained hostile to the whites. [132] Bancroft, _History of the North Mexican States_, i, p. 59. [133] French, _op. cit._, pt. iv, p. 201; Shea, _Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi Valley_, p. 201. [134] For such instances in Soto’s journey, see Bourne, _op. cit._ For Coronado’s journey, see _Original Narratives of Early American History_, ii, pp. 289, 329, 342; _Narrative of Jaramillo_, in _Fourteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology_. [135] Bourne, _op. cit._, ii, p. 11. [136] _Ibid._, i, p. 20. [137] _Ibid._, ii, p. 55. [138] _The Narrative of the Expedition of Coronado_, by Castañeda, in _Original Narratives of Early American History_, ii, pp. 329, 342. [139] Bourne, _op. cit._, ii, pp. 21, 117. [140] _Ibid._, i, p. 45; ii, pp. 25, 121. [141] _The Narrative of the Expedition of Coronado_, by Castañeda, in _Original Narratives of Early American History_, ii, p. 289. [142] Bourne, _op. cit._, i, pp. 193–194. [143] Fairbanks, _History of Florida from Its Discovery_, etc., p. 58.