Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
A fourth, and far more notable instance of bad faith on the part of the
English, occurred at Cocheco (Dover, New Hampshire) during the Indian
difficulties in that section, contemporaneous with and following King
Philip’s War. Major Waldron was in command of the local garrison, and
had gathered about him four hundred Indians, about two hundred of whom
were refugees who had fled there for protection after the death of
King Philip, which Waldron had promised them. The depredations of the
Androscoggin Indians at Casco and the devastation of the settlements
on the Kennebec caused the Massachusetts government to send a military
force into that locality, with orders to seize all southern Indians
wherever they could find them. In obedience to this order the leaders
of the Massachusetts troops wished to seize the Indians at once, but
Waldron hesitated to break his promise and proposed a stratagem to
avoid disastrous results. His suggestion was followed, and all the
Indians were disarmed and made prisoners, September 7, 1676. The
“strange Indians”, or those who had come from the south, two hundred
in number, were retained and sent to Boston. Seven or eight who were
convicted of having shed English blood were condemned to death; the
rest were sold into slavery in foreign parts.[536]
Toward the close of the war orders were given by certain of the New
England colonies to the constables to seize all Indians remaining in
the colonies after a specific date. All who had been concerned in the
death of a colonist or the destruction of property were to be summarily
executed. Those who remained friendly or had finally assisted the
English, were allowed to retain their lands and continue their regular
life. The others were to be sold by the treasurers of the various
colonies for the benefit of their respective governments.[537]
The locating of those Indians that remained after the war, and the
necessity of maintaining order, resulted, 1677, in the government
of Massachusetts settling the groups of Indians, Praying as well as
unconverted, in various localities, and the distribution of some to
“remain as servants in English families” where they were to be taught
and instructed in the Christian religion. Both the captive male Indians
and their families were held as slaves. Massachusetts and Plymouth
limited the time of servitude of the children of “friendly Indians”, or
those who surrendered and assisted the English, to the time when they
should become twenty-four years of age.[538] The time of service of
the children of the warring Indians was not so limited.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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