Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
Since King Philip’s War was never carried into Connecticut territory,
the problem of disposing of Indian captives never assumed the same
importance there as in Massachusetts, and the Connecticut government
did not export its captive Indians. On October 23, 1676, as a measure
intended to induce the surrender of the warring tribes and so hasten
the conclusion of the war, the general court ordered that all Indians
who surrendered before January 1, 1677, should not be sold out of
the country as slaves. The measure, however, permitted their use as
temporary slaves in the colony. They were to receive good usage in
the service of those to whom the council might dispose of them, and
after ten years, all over sixteen years of age, on certificate of good
behavior from their masters regarding their good service during that
period, were to have their liberty and be allowed to dwell in the
colony and work for themselves, provided they observed English law. If
the master should refuse such certificate, then the Indian could apply
to the authorities and have his case decided. The council was given
power to lengthen the term of servitude if it should see cause, but
could not shorten it. All Indians under sixteen years of age were to
serve until twenty-six years of age.[539]
At a meeting, November 24, 1676, the Connecticut council decided upon
its method of procedure. A committee was appointed to meet at Norwich
on the second Wednesday of the following December to “dispose and
settle all surrenders according to order”. All Indians expecting
to have the benefit of the declaration must then and there appear.
After that time all those who had shown hostility to the English were
excluded from the privilege and were to be dealt with as enemies, as
were also those who should hide or harbor them. The notice of the
council’s action was to be sent among the various Indians of the
colony. The instructions of the committee appointed directed them,
among other things, to take all young and single persons of all sorts
to put into English families to be apprentices for ten years. After
that they were to be returned to their parents on proof of their own
and their parents’ fidelity. Otherwise they were to be sold into
slavery. The general court appointed certain persons in each county
to receive and distribute these Indian children proportionally, and
to see that they were sold to good families. Those counties which had
already had some share of the surrendered Indians and captives or which
had too many Indians already, were not to receive as many as the other
counties.[540]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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