Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
In all sections where captives in war or kidnapped Indians were
purchased from the natives, such buying was closely connected with
the fur trade. The general fickleness and instability of the Indian’s
character, which caused the tribes to change their allegiance so
readily from one white race to the other, made easy the acquisition of
slaves along with other commodities. The routes along which the fur
trade was carried on facilitated both the acquisition of Indians and
their transportation to the markets. And the fact that furs and the
agricultural products of the south were not commodities that competed
with English wares eliminated opposition to the traffic in Indians.[589]
Throughout the region of the Mississippi Valley and the Great Lakes
the “coureurs de bois” collected furs and purchased slaves,[590] both
of which they sold to Carolina traders at the mouth of the Mississippi
River, and in some cases they went to the Carolinas directly to effect
their sales.[591] Throughout the Carolinas, the Mississippi and
Illinois country and the west, the fur and Indian trade was heavy. By
1720 the Carolina fur trade had reached very large dimensions, and the
trade in Indians had developed proportionally, so that at “set times
of the year” a flourishing business in “dressed deer skins, furs and
young Indian slaves” was carried on by the traders.[592]
In the Carolinas the custom of purchasing their prisoners from
the friendly Indians, the holding of these captives in the colony
as slaves, or, possibly, their subsequent sale to the West India
islands, existed almost from the beginning of the colony.[593] But
the proprietors, anxious to cultivate the friendship of the Indians,
forbade, in the temporary laws sent out to Governor Sayle in 1671, that
any Indian on any pretext whatever be made a slave, or without his own
consent be carried out of the country.[594]
Yet the traffic in Indians continued. The adventurous nature of the
settlers,[595] combined with the need for laborers which could be
partially supplied by the use of Indians at home or by the negroes for
whom they could be readily exchanged in the islands, and coupled with
the attraction of good prices which the Indians brought when sold for
cash, induced both planters and government officials to enter largely
into the trade.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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