Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
The opening of the War of the Spanish Succession increased the activity
of both English and French among the Indians and the consequent
preying of tribe upon tribe. The French asserted that they established
their colony at Mobile for the purpose of keeping the savages of the
neighborhood as allies of the French and Spanish against the English
and Chickasaw whose purpose, in their opinion, was to win them over or
else destroy them by enslavement.[605] By 1700 the English of Carolina
had crossed the Mississippi River and on the west bank pursued the
same tactics with the Indians as elsewhere.[606] Slaves were obtained
by the English and Chickasaw from nations as far distant as the
Taensa.[607] In furtherance of their scheme to win the friendship of
the warlike Chickasaw, and so strike a blow at the English and protect
their allies from the slave raids of the former, the French repeatedly
sought to make peace between the Chickasaw and Choctaw.[608] But the
English influence was too strong for such a peace to be permanent so
long as the Choctaw remained allies of the English. The peace arranged
by Bienville in 1703 was broken in 1705 by the Chickasaw making an
irruption into the territory of the Choctaw, capturing a number of
their people and selling them to the English of Carolina.[609] A later
peace arranged by Bienville was no more permanent, for in 1711 the
Chickasaw, at the instigation of the English, fell upon the Choctaw
and word was brought to Bienville that three hundred Choctaw women and
children had been carried off as slaves by the Indian allies of the
English and Chickasaw, and that the Chickasaw themselves had carried
off one hundred and fifty.[610] By 1713 English traders and agents were
among the Natchez Indians to purchase Indians whom the French accused
them of obtaining by exciting the tribes against each other.[611]
In their relations with the Indians the Carolina proprietors appear to
have been playing a double game. They posed as protectors of the tribes
and made treaties to insure the peace and safety of their allies.
Consistently with such action, also, they opposed the purchase by the
colonists of captives taken in various intertribal difficulties. On
the other hand, it was the proprietors themselves who gave permission
to sell in the West Indies the Indian captives taken by the colonists
in wars against the tribes.[612] The distinction, if any existed,
between the classes of captives obtained in various ways and held as
slaves, was too fine a one for the colonists to appreciate; hence the
purchase and sale of Indians continued.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account