Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
In Virginia trade with the Indians began at an early date, and
the traffic in Indians became later a part of it.[647] The French
reported, in 1701, that the English from Virginia, established among
the Chickasaw, had armed the savages with guns, joined with them in
their expeditions against other people, especially the “Colipissas”
(Acolapissa), and had sent the prisoners to be sold as slaves in the
West Indies, keeping the children as slaves for themselves.[648]
For some time the Virginia authorities did not recognize the right of
the whites to enslave an Indian, no matter how obtained. In the session
of 1657–1658, the assembly passed an act forbidding the stealing of
Indian children or the buying of them from Indians or others for
traffic, or the selling of them under any condition by the English, on
penalty of 500 pounds of tobacco.[649] In 1662, the assembly passed
an act declaring that if any Englishman should bring in any Indians
as servants and assign them to any one else he should not sell them
as slaves or for any longer time than English servants of like age
should serve by act of assembly.[650] The assembly evidently intended
to enforce these acts, for in the session of 1662 it ordered a Powhatan
Indian to be freed who had been sold to the English by the chief of
another tribe who, according to the assembly, had no right thus to sell
him.[651]
By 1670 the assembly appears to have modified in a measure its opinion
regarding Indian slaves. An act of that year declared Indians taken
in war by any other nation and sold by such nation to the English to
be servants for life, if brought in by sea—if boys or girls, till
thirty years old; if men or women, twelve years and no longer.[652]
By a later act of 1682 the legislature repealed the act of 1670 and
definitely decided who should be slaves. Among those specified were all
Indians obtained by purchase, in case they and their parents were not
Christians at the time of their first being purchased by a Christian,
although afterwards and before their importation into Virginia, they
might have become converted to the Christian faith; and all Indians
thereafter sold by the neighboring Indians or any other trafficking
in slaves. But in 1691 these acts in turn were repealed and after
that date no Indian could legally be bought or sold as a slave in
Virginia.[653]
Legislation, however, did not end the bringing of Indian slaves
into the colony. Lawson records the sale in Virginia before 1700
of a young Indian woman brought from beyond the mountains.[654] In
1715, the Carolina settlers reported to the home government that
the Sarrow Indians were selling in Virginia among other commodities
slaves (presumably Indian as well as negro) taken from the Carolina
colonists.[655]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account