INDIAN SPEECHES (1907-1909) BY VISCOUNT MORLEY OM _The modern and Western spirit is assuredly at work in the Indian countries, but the vital question for Indian Governments is, How far it has changed the ideas of men_?--SIR HENRY MAINE. 1909 NOTE A signal transaction is now taking place in the course of Indian polity. These speeches, with no rhetorical pretensions, contain some of the just, prudent, and necessary points and considerations, that have guided this transaction, and helped to secure for it the sanction of Parliament. The too limited public that follows Indian affairs with coherent attention, may find this small sheaf of speeches, revised as they have been, to be of passing use. Three cardinal State-papers have been appended. They mark the spirit of British rule in India, at three successive stages, for three generations past; and bear directly upon what is now being done. _November_, 1909. CONTENTS I. ON PRESENTING THE INDIAN BUDGET. (House of Commons, June 6, 1907) II. TO CONSTITUENTS. (Arbroath, October 21, 1907) III. ON AMENDMENT TO ADDRESS. (House of Commons, January 31, 1908) IV. INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE. (London, July, 1908) V. ON PROPOSED REFORMS. (House of Lords, December 17, 1908) VI. HINDUS AND MAHOMETANS. (January, 1909) VII. SECOND READING OF INDIAN COUNCILS BILL. (House of Lords) VIII. INDIAN PROBATIONERS. (Oxford, June 13, 1909) APPENDIX THREE STATE-PAPERS: 1833, 1858, 1908 INDIAN SPEECHES I ON PRESENTING THE INDIAN BUDGET (HOUSE OF COMMONS. JUNE 6, 1907) I am afraid I shall have to ask the House for rather a large draft upon its indulgence. The Indian Secretary is like the aloe, that blooms once in 100 years: he only troubles the House with speeches of his own once in twelve months. There are several topics which the House will expect me to say something about, and of these are two or three topics of supreme interest and importance, for which I plead for patience and comprehensive consideration. We are too apt to find that Gentlemen both here and outside fix upon some incident of which they read in the newspaper; they put it under a microscope; they indulge in reflections upon it; and they regard that as taking an intelligent interest in the affairs of India. If we could suppose that on some occasion within the last three or four weeks a wrong turn had been taken in judgment at Simla, or in the Cabinet, or in the India Office, or that to-day in this House some wrong turn might be taken, what disasters would follow, what titanic efforts to repair these disasters, what devouring waste of national and Indian treasure, and what a wreckage might follow! These are possible consequences that misjudgment either here or in India might bring with it.