Indian Tribes of the Upper Missouri: Edited with Notes and Biographical SketchDenig, Edwin Thompson
History
Indian Tribes of the Upper Missouri: Edited with Notes and Biographical Sketch
Denig, Edwin Thompson
Assiniboine Indians; Indians of North America -- Missouri River Valley
The death of a man who killed another would suffice if it were possible
to stop there, but we have said enough on this subject to show they
have no power to stop. The taking of the second life produces an
obligation on the part of the kindred of the deceased to revenge, and
retaliation is continued. The original cause of quarrel is lost in the
greater necessity of defending life on either side. Therefore in their
yet deplorable state of ignorance the crime of murder as an act of the
same nature in our ideas can have no existence among them, neither can
anything be morally wrong in which the aid of Wakoñda is invoked and
if successful obtained. Robbery or theft is also an individual offense
though not by them considered as such to Wakoñda. An Indian gives for
his reason for stealing an article that his necessities required it and
he could not get it any other way. He will not steal an article he does
not want or can not use and run useless risk of detection, but a horse,
gun, knife, of other things will sometimes be taken and the act excused
on the plea of his necessities.
The risk attending the extraction of large articles or the disgrace
incurred by pilfering is, they grant, all the punishment necessary, and
these seldom are attended with any serious consequences. All must live
some way and the right to property not being well defined—besides each
being accustomed to frequent reverses—stealing is looked upon more
as a means of subsistence necessitated by the state of their peculiar
wants, and does not present the idea of theft to them as an immoral
act or one tending to aggravate Wakoñda. Robberies to the extent of
depriving another of his means of living are seldom if ever attempted,
though retaliation would of course be severe in proportion, and in the
progress of this retaliation the property thus acquired, be it horses
or women, would be destroyed, besides the risk attending the robber
personally.
Fornication and adultery are not considered offenses to Wakoñda. If the
consent of the woman has been obtained, punishment is seldom inflicted
on the man unless caught in the act. The woman, however, is punished
in various ways, sometimes, though not usually, by death. The property
of the offender is taken or destroyed for his trespass on the property
of the offended. The chastity of any woman not the property of another
man may be violated without any moral sense of wrong presenting itself,
though the seducer would be liable to be made to pay or in default of
doing so his horses would be killed by the relatives of the woman.
Moreover, they look upon women as intended for this purpose, and only
take into consideration the different claims upon them as an article of
property.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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