Indian Tribes of the Upper Missouri: Edited with Notes and Biographical SketchDenig, Edwin Thompson
History
Indian Tribes of the Upper Missouri: Edited with Notes and Biographical Sketch
Denig, Edwin Thompson
Assiniboine Indians; Indians of North America -- Missouri River Valley
The buffalo is the Indian’s whole dependence. It serves him for all his
purposes—meat, clothing and lodging, powder horns, bowstrings, thread
and hair to make saddles. In the winter season the hides are dressed,
made into robes and traded to whites, by which means they are able
to buy all their necessaries and even some luxuries. Robes are worth
about $3 each, and although the number sent to market is great, yet the
high price paid for them to Indians and the danger of transportation
is such that fortunes are more easily and often lost than made at the
business. Beaver were formerly numerous and valuable, therefore much
hunted by whites and Indians, but of late years the price of that fur
being greatly reduced, and the danger of hunting considerable, does
not induce either whites or Indians to hunt them. This animal has
been trapped and killed to such an extent as to threaten their entire
extinction, though for the last 10 or 12 years, since beaver trapping
by large bodies of men has been abandoned, they have greatly increased,
and are now to be found tolerably plentiful in all the small streams
and in the Missouri and Yellowstone. These Indians do not and never did
trap them much; though the Crow and the Cree still make good beaver
hunts, they do not rely much on this either as a source of profit or
food.
Elk, deer, bighorn, and antelope are numerous and afford a means of
living and profit to the Indians although they are not hunted to any
extent except in a great scarcity of buffalo. From this circumstance
they do not diminish and are found now in much the same numbers as 20
years back.
Wolves are very plentiful and of three kinds, the large white wolf,
the large grayback wolf, and the small prairie wolf, all a good deal
hunted and many killed, though they continue to increase. They follow
the buffalo in large bands, waiting an opportunity to pounce upon one
that has been wounded or mired. They also destroy a great many small
calves in the month of May when they are brought forth. The skins of
the larger kind are worth 70 cents to $1 each; the smaller about 50
cents each.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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