UNLOADING CANE AT A BATEY 290 CYLINDERS FOR GRINDING SUGAR-CANE 294 APPARATUS FOR PACKING SUGAR AT THE SAN JOSE CENTRAL 298 PLANTING TOBACCO 302 TOBACCO FARM AND DWELLING 304 WETTING THE TOBACCO LEAF 308 TOBACCO-DRYING HOUSE 310 BALING TOBACCO 314 OLD COPPER MINES AT LA COPERA 318 MINING CAMP AT FIRENEZA 322 ORE BANK OF JURAGUA MINES 326 OX CART 332 A FOWL VENDOR 334 ROYAL PALMS, YUMURI VALLEY 336 SAGO PALM 338 MAHOGANY CARRIED BY OXEN 340 CUBAN FRUITS 344 COFFEE MILL, SANTIAGO DE CUBA 348 A CONVOY IN THE HILLS 352 A CUBAN VOLANTE 354 CUBAN MULE CART 358 A CURVE ON THE YAGUAJAY RAILROAD 360 THE HAVANA FLOATING DOCK 364 A CUBAN FERRY 368 PIER OF THE JURAGUA IRON CO., LTD. 372 OLD ARCH OF THE JESUIT COLLEGE, HAVANA 378 OLD CATHOLIC CHURCH AT LA COPERA 380 THE CATHEDRAL, HAVANA 384 THE CATHEDRAL, SANTIAGO DE CUBA 388 SPANISH FORT ON RAILROAD TO JURAGUA MINES 396 MAP OF CUBA 416 INDUSTRIAL CUBA CHAPTER I CUBA--POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC A nation, like an individual, must be gauged by its endowments, its environment, its opportunities, and the various causes which from time to time accelerate or retard its progress. Cuba is richly endowed with natural resources, it is within a short distance of the best and most profitable market in the world, and its opportunities, under favourable conditions of trade, should have made its population contented and prosperous. Had it not been for the numerous causes which have retarded all progress in this Island, what would have been its industrial, commercial, and social conditions at the close of the present century?