Influenza : $b An epidemiologic studyVaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
History
Influenza : $b An epidemiologic study
Vaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
Influenza
In an article by Ely, Lloyd, Hitchcock and Nickson it is said that
influenza first appeared in the Puget Sound Navy Yard, near Seattle, on
September 17, 1918, and that it was introduced by a draft of 987 sailors
received from Philadelphia, a number of whom arrived ill, or came down
within a few hours after reaching their destination. As a result,
Seattle and the State of Washington were infected somewhat ahead of the
other West Coast States. According to the record, influenza did not
assume epidemic proportions in the State of Oregon for nearly a month
after this Navy Yard epidemic.
With army camps and cantonments situated in nearly every section of the
country it is difficult to follow the general direction of spread from
camp to camp. During the period of the epidemic, troop movements were in
general from West to East toward points of embarkation rather than in
the reverse direction. This was in the opposite direction to that taken
by the pandemic. Away from the coast there were, however, many movements
of troops from camp to camp, in the redistribution of forces. That these
troop movements were not discontinued during the epidemic is indicated
by the report of Howard and Love: “The virulent type of influenza had
spread rapidly from camp to camp, from the Atlantic seaboard to the
South and West, due to the continual interchange of personnel from
infected to non-infected camps. Such movements of troops at this time
were recognized as dangerous and inadvisable, and prompt recommendations
were made by the Medical Department that such movements be discontinued
or greatly restricted, if compatible with military interests, which, of
course, were at the time paramount. The War Department was unable to
approve any marked restriction of movement of men from camp to camp at
this time. One result of the free inter-communication of military
personnel was that practically all military stations in the United
States were in the throes of the epidemic at the same time.”
In addition to this means of inter-communication we had the possibility
of spread to the various camps by the ordinary course of civilian and
commercial travel as in spread to different communities, and also the
possibility of importing large amounts of virus at one time on the
incoming trains with new draft troops.
Soper gives the following order for camps attacked:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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