Influenza : $b An epidemiologic studyVaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
History
Influenza : $b An epidemiologic study
Vaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
Influenza
Toward the end of January, 1920, when the recurrent epidemic was at its
height in Boston, the author undertook with the aid of thirteen trained
social service workers, and one physician, who was a graduate of the
Harvard School of Public Health, to make a sickness census of 10,000
individuals. Six districts were chosen in different sections of the
city, representing six different economic and social groups. Great care
was exercised in selecting the districts, so that the population in each
might be as homogeneous as possible regarding economic and sanitary
status, as well as race, and living conditions in general.
We have sought to clarify and to abbreviate our description of the
characteristics of the various districts by incorporating a map,
together with photographs of typical streets in each district. One who
compares these streets as they are seen in the photographs would
scarcely find it necessary to enter the buildings in order to discover
the living conditions of the occupants (Chart XIII).
CHART XIII.
[Illustration:
Map of greater Boston showing the distribution of the districts
covered by the author’s house census.
]
District I includes an Italian population of 2,000 individuals, one-half
of which live in the most congested portion of the city (see photograph)
known as the North End, while the other half, living in East Boston, are
slightly less crowded.
District II, in South Boston, consists of 2,000 individuals almost
entirely of Irish race stock.
[Illustration:
FIG. 1.—District 1. Italian tenements. Very congested and very poor.
]
District III, like District I, consists of three groups living in very
similar environment to the two groups of the first district, but
composed chiefly of Jewish race stock of various nationalities. The
photograph for this district represents the area in the “West Side” near
the Charles River Basin. The area in the “South End” is of similar type,
while the area in East Boston is housed similarly to the Italian
district in East Boston. The dwellings in both of these latter districts
correspond to those shown in the second photograph of District II.
While the first three districts comprise tenement areas, some poor and
the remainder very poor, Districts IV and V represent the middle class,
and consist nearly entirely of “Duplex” and “Three-Decker” buildings.
The first of these comprises 1,000 individuals of mixed race and
nationality, the type broadly spoken of as American. The second consists
of a Jewish population of 1,600.
[Illustration:
FIG. 2.—District 2. Irish tenements. Congested and poor.
]
[Illustration:
FIG. 3.—Another street in the Irish tenement district.
]
[Illustration:
FIG. 4.—District 3. Jewish tenements. Very congested. Very poor.
]
[Illustration:
FIG. 5.—District 4. Middle class. Mixed American population.
]
[Illustration:
FIG. 6.—District 5. Middle class. Jewish population. Moderately
well-to-do.
]
[Illustration:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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