Influenza : $b An epidemiologic studyVaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
History
Influenza : $b An epidemiologic study
Vaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
Influenza
In the epidemics at San Quentin Prison, it was noted that apices of
incidence usually occurred on Tuesday and Wednesday. During the first
epidemic it was these days of the second and third weeks. Stanley sees a
direct connection between this fact and the fact that every Sunday
morning large groups of the men were crowded together in a comparatively
small auditorium where they saw moving pictures. On Sunday, October
20th, they sought to eliminate this source of spread by having a band
concert in the open air, but the prisoners crowded around the band and
were loud in their cheers, and on the following day there was a large
increase in hospital admissions.
On November 24th after the second epidemic had apparently ceased the
picture shows were again started after having been closed for over six
weeks. The following Tuesday and Wednesday twenty-four well defined new
cases were admitted to the hospital. On Thanksgiving Day there was a
field meet between the various departments of the prison. About 200
prisoners took active part, while 1,600 prisoners were spectators. The
meet was held in the open air, but the prisoners were closely packed and
they cheered and yelled. For the three days following this celebration
there were 9, 5 and 8 patients admitted respectively.
In discussing the recrudescence of influenza in Boston in November and
December, Woodward remarks as follows:
“Whether or not it may be more than a succession of coincidences it is
certainly of interest to note that the November outbreak of influenza
showed itself three days after the Peace Day celebration on November
12th, when the streets, eating places and public conveyances were jammed
with crowds; that the December epidemic began to manifest itself after
the Thanksgiving holiday, with its family re-unions and visiting; and
that reported cases mounted rapidly during the period of Christmas
shopping, reaching a maximum a week after the holiday.” That this may
have been a coincidence is indicated by the fact that, according to
reports by Pearl and others this was not consistently true in other
large cities.
Dr. Meredith Davies records the case of a hostel in Wales accommodating
200 students. Infection was introduced on October 19th on the occasion
of a dance attended by some students from an infected institution in the
neighborhood. Four cases occurred on the 20th and within the short space
of five days seventy-nine students out of the 200 were attacked.
Parsons found numerous similar examples in the epidemic of 1889. In 1918
it was frequently observed that among American Soldiers in France, those
troops quartered in barracks suffered a much more rapid spread of the
disease than those billetted out among the houses of the towns.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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