Insect life: Souvenirs of a naturalistFabre, Jean-Henri
Science
Insect life: Souvenirs of a naturalist
Fabre, Jean-Henri
Insects -- Biology
To choose as the spot in which to plant her sting the one vulnerable
point, the point which only a physiologist versed in the anatomy of
insects could determine beforehand is by no means enough; the
Hymenopteron has a far greater difficulty to overcome, and she
overcomes it with a mastery which fills one with amazement. We said
that the nervous centres controlling the organs of motion in an insect
are three. These are more or less distant from each other, but
sometimes, though rarely, near together. They possess a certain
independence of action, so that an injury to one does not cause, at all
events immediately, more than paralysis of members connected with it,
while the other ganglia and their corresponding members are not
affected by it. To reach these three sources of motion one after the
other, the second farther off than the first, and the last farther
still, and by a single way, between the first and second pairs of feet,
seems impossible for the sting, which is too short, and besides, so
difficult to aim well in such conditions. True, certain Coleoptera have
the three ganglia of the thorax almost touching, and others have the
two last completely united, soldered, smelted together. It is also
recognised that in proportion as the different nervous centres combine
and centralise, the characteristic functions of animality become more
perfect, and also, alas, more vulnerable. Those Coleoptera with centres
of motion so near that they touch or even gather into one mass, and so
are made part of each other, would be instantly paralysed by one sting;
or if several were needed, at all events the ganglia to be paralysed
are all collected under the point of the dart.
Now which are the Coleoptera so specially easy to paralyse? That is the
question. The lofty science of a Claude Bernard, floating in the
fundamental generalities of organisation and life, is no longer enough
for us; it is unable to inform and guide us in this entomological
selection. I appeal to every physiologist under whose eye these lines
may fall. Without having recourse to his book-shelves, could he name
the Coleoptera where such a nervous centralisation is found, and even
with the help of his library, could he instantly lay his hand on the
information wanted? The truth is, we are entering on the minute details
of the specialist; the highway is quitted for a path known to few.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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