Throughout the enormously long period during which modern man has been established on the earth human society has been left to the uncontrolled contention of constructive and destructive forces, and in the long run the destructive have always proved the stronger. Whether the general level of consciousness will reach the height necessary to give a decisive predominance to constructive tendencies, and whether such a development will occur in time to save Western civilization from the fate of its predecessors, are open questions. The small segment of the social process of which we have direct knowledge in the events of the day has no very encouraging appearance. Segregation has reasserted itself effectively; the dominion of the stable and resistive mind is as firmly established as ever, and no less dull and dangerous; while it is plain how far, in the atmosphere of relaxation and fatigue, the social inspiration of the common man has sunk from the high constancy of spirit by which throughout the long pilgrimage of war so many weary feet have been upborne, so many dry lips refreshed. {261} INDEX AFFIRMATIONS of the herd, belief in normal, 39 AGE and the herd instinct, 86 ――, the predominance of, 87 AGE AND YOUTH, jealousy between, 86 ――, reactions of, in relation to sex, 84, 85 ALCOHOLISM, psychological meaning of, 58 ALTRUISM, instinctive meaning of, 122–124 ――, a natural instinctive product, 46 ――, not a judgment, 46 ――, energy of, 47 ANARCHISM, psychological basis of, 253 ANTHROPOMORPHISM in psychology, 14 BEER, and comparative psychology, 14 BELIEF, non-rational and rational, distinction of, 43, 44 ――, characters of, 44 BETHE, and comparative psychology, 14 BINET, 34 BREEDING against degeneracy, objections to, 64 ―― for rationality, objections to, 45 CAT AND DOG, instinctive differences in feeling, 98 CERTITUDE and knowledge, 35 CHURCH, the, in wartime, 154 CIVILIZATION, its influence on instinct in man, 93 CIVILIZATIONS, the decline of, 241, 242 COMMUNISM, psychological basis of, 254 CONFLICT in the adult, superficial aspects of, 52, 53 ―― in childhood and adolescence, 49 ―― in civilized man, 49 CONSCIENCE, peculiar to gregarious animals, 40 CONVERSATION as a mode of recognition, 119 DARWINISM as a herd affirmation, 39 DEDUCTIVE METHOD in psychology, 14 DUTY, 48 ENGLAND, social type, 201, 202 ――, morale of, 207–209 ――, and the spirit of the hive, 203–206 ENVIRONMENT OF THE MIND, importance of, 63 ――, need for rational adjustment of, 64 FREUD’S PSYCHOLOGY, general discussion of, 76 ――, as an embryology of the mind, 88 ――, biological criticism of, 77, 78 ――, evolution of the “normal” mind, 73 ――, hypothesis of mental development, 72 ――, importance of conflict, 72 ――, nature of mental conflict, 73 ――, suggested deficiencies of, 88, 89 ――, the unconscious, 74 GERMANY, features of government, 163–165 ――, aggressive social type, 167, 168