A few thoughts now about the life-history of the frog. From egg to egg
is the story. In roundish masses, upon sticks lying in water, or upon
the leaves and stems of submerged water-plants, are the eggs deposited.
The creature that comes from the egg is no more like a frog than a
caterpillar is like a butterfly. It has a large head, small tail,
branched gills, and is devoid of limbs, resembling, in this stage, more
a fish than a frog. This is its early childhood, or tadpole state. It
can only live in water now, and swims and feeds from the very moment it
leaves the egg. Change in form almost immediately begins, the branched
gills being drawn within the neck and hidden, a pair of fore-legs
beginning to bud, and subsequently a pair of hind-legs, which push out
much faster than the fore-legs. As the legs grow, the tail is gradually
absorbed and disappears. The interior of the body meanwhile changes,
the lungs and heart becoming reptilian. When the gills and tail are
gone, and the legs are fully formed, the once-swimming tadpole hops out
of the water a perfectly-formed frog.
When first the tadpole emerged from the egg, it ate the jelly-like
cover. Then soft animal and vegetable matters, with the strengthening
of its pair of horny jaws, began to be devoured. Insects later on, and
even its own kith and kin, became its food. The fare of the adult frog
is almost exclusively insect in character, although necessity sometimes
drives him to make a meal out of some of his weaker brethren.
Seated in cool, leafy shadows, not far from his favorite stream or
pool, the frog watches with his great, black, gold-ringed eyes for such
insects as good fortune shall bring to his retreat. As one hovers near,
out flies his limber, sticky, ribbon-like tongue, true to its mark, and
the hapless insect, adhering to the viscid projected ribbon, is gently
and cleverly deposited in the open throat, the frog maintaining all the
while an air of calm, superior self-satisfaction, as if he had not so
much satisfied an appetite as fulfilled the mission of ridding nature
of a superfluous insect.
A most harmless, timid and interesting animal is the frog, and often
most unfortunate. He is the legitimate mark for all the missiles that
can be thrown at him by urchins wandering about his native pool.
Snakes make him their prey, and he is always in mental fear lest some
insidious serpent shall take him unawares, or his musings shall be
suddenly cut short by the stately progress of some swan or goose,
sailing over the limpid water, or searching the green herbage wherein
he sits concealed.
[Illustration: RANA CLAMATA, OR GREEN FROG.
Lusty Croaker of the Summer Pond.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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