In the process of growth the skin of the toad, as well as that of the
frog, becomes too small, and hence is cast off. As the shedding-time
approaches, the white, green and brown colors become dull, and a
peculiar dryness appears. A new skin is now forming under the outgrown
one, and presently the latter splits half down the middle of the back
and along the under part of the body. By a series of violent twitchings
of the toad the old skin is made to wrinkle and fold along the sides. A
hind-leg is now tucked under a fore-arm, and by a good pull the animal
is soon out of that leg of his trousers. The other leg is removed in
similar fashion. Putting one hand in his mouth and giving a jerk, off
comes the covering of that hand and arm, like a discarded glove. He has
now but to take off the other, and he is free. Relieved of his dress he
neither sells nor gives it away, but rolls it up into a neat solid ball
and swallows it. The frog strips off and disposes of his outgrown skin
in a similar way.
Strange to say, toads and frogs can change to some extent the color
of their skin to suit their homes. Kept in the dark with dark
surroundings, toads become darker in color, while those that are kept
in light with white accessories become lighter. The color of the toad
changes more slowly than that of the frog. It is not the arrangement of
the color that alters, but merely a change from light to dark.
What has been said applies to our Common American Toad, the _Bufo
Americana_ of the books. Let us now look at some curious specimens
of the Bufonidæ. The Pipa, or Surinam Toad, does not lay her eggs
in water, but places them on her back. A fold of skin rises up and
encloses each egg in a separate cell, until the young have not only
been hatched, but have also passed through all their metamorphoses, and
come out fully formed. Another toad, abundant in Europe and Asia, is
largely colored with bright crimson, and the father-toad carries the
little ones in separate cells fastened to his hind-legs like chains.
The young change to their perfect shape in these cells, and with the
withering away of the cells the young toads hop out, able to take care
of themselves.
Somewhere I have said that toads are generally silent. A little toad
about three inches long, called a Natter-jack, is common in England,
and is a noted singer. His “gluck-gluck, gluck-k-k,” can be heard any
night. The Green Toad, well known on the Continent, is not so noisy as
the Natter-jack, but has a low, moaning cry.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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