Thus we see where the Hydra’s strength lies. He has no need to
struggle, for his victim, penetrated by a multitude of darts, and
made powerless by the poison instilled, becomes as manageable as an
equal bulk of inert matter. It behooves the little creature to take
things quietly, for a cell once burst cannot be used again, and he is
therefore compelled to wait until a new one is grown to take the place
of the one that has become exhausted. So he patiently bides his time
till his victim is half-conquered, when he draws him gently into his
body. He lives and catches his food, as must be apparent, without the
necessity of moving very far from the place where he had his birth.
All the summer through the Hydra puts out buds from its side, which,
when their tentacles have grown, drop from the parent-body, and settle
down in life for themselves. But when winter comes, and before all life
has become extinct, an egg appears near the base of the tubes of those
that are living, and these eggs lie dormant till the next spring, when
they are hatched, and a new generation of Hydras is produced. Budding,
which is but a process of natural self-division, is carried on to a
large extent, more individuals being produced in this way than from
eggs. These buds are at first a simple bulging out of the body-walls,
the bud enveloping a portion of the stomach, until it becomes
constricted and drops off, the tentacles meanwhile budding out from the
distal end, and a mouth-opening arising between them. In the Hydra,
the Actinia, and other polyps, and in truth in all the lower animals,
budding is simply due to an increase in the growth and multiplication
of cells at a special place on the outside of the body. As in the
vertebrates, man included, the Hydra arises from an egg which, after
fertilization, passes through two stages, the germ consisting at first
of two cell-layers, but the sexes are not separate as in the marine
Hydroids, which grow in colonies that may be either male or female.
Like some other animals of simple structure, the Hydra is capable of
reproducing to a most wonderful degree when cut into pieces. Divided
in two, each becomes a perfect Hydra, and even when sliced into any
number of thin rings each ring will grow out a crown of tentacles. You
may split them into longitudinal strips and each strip will eventually
become a well-shaped Hydra. Two individuals may be fastened together
by a horse-hair and in a short time they will have become like Siamese
twins, but there will never arise the slightest disagreement between
them. A Hydra turned inside out will readily adapt itself to the
change, and in a few days will be able to swallow and digest bits
of meat, its former stomach-lining having now taken upon itself the
condition of skin.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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