International Language and Science: Considerations on the Introduction of an International Language into ScienceCouturat, Louis
Science
International Language and Science: Considerations on the Introduction of an International Language into Science
Couturat, Louis
Communication in science; Language, Universal
All the words have, in fact, been formed from international stems,
that is to say those which are common to the majority of European
languages, with the result that they are immediately recognised
by everyone of medium education. It is not necessary therefore
to learn a new language; _the international language is the
quintessence of the European ones_. It is, however, incomparably
more easy than any of them on account of its simplicity and
absolute regularity; there are _no useless rules_, and _no
exceptions_. It can be learnt by reading it; as soon as one can
read it one can write it; as soon as one can write it one can speak
it. And experience has proved that the differences of pronunciation
amongst people of the most diverse countries are insignificant and
cause no trouble at all. To sum up, the _linguo internaciona_ is
a simplified and improved Esperanto, very analogous to primitive
Esperanto, but possessing the advantage over the latter of being
immediately intelligible, so that it is destined to become _the_
international language. Besides, it has already received the warm
approval and support of many of the earliest and best Esperantists.
It alone, thanks to the support of the scientific and literary men
of the Delegation and Committee, has a chance of being adopted some
day by Governments and of being introduced into the schools of all
countries.
The following pages provide a key which enables one to read a text
in this language.
GRAMMAR.
@Pronunciation.@--All letters are pronounced, and have always the
same sound: _a_ (as in _father_), _c_ (like _ts_), _e_ (like _e_ in
_set_, or _a_ in _fate_), _g_ (always hard, as in _go_), _i_ (like
_ee_ in _sweet_), _j_ (either as in English, or like the French _j_
in _journal_), _o_ (like _o_ in _not_ or like _o_ in _go_), _q_
(_qu_ as in English, or like _kv_), _s_ (unvoiced), _u_ (like _oo_
in _too_), _x_ (like _ks_ or _gz_), _y_ (as in English), _z_ (as in
English), _ch_ (as in _church_), _sh_ (as in English), _au_ (like
_ow_ in _how_), _eu_ (= _e-u_). It will be seen that a _certain
amount_ of latitude is permitted, in order to suit the convenience
of different nations. _Stress_ (tonic accent) on the penultimate
syllable, except in the infinitive, when it falls on the last
syllable (@-ar@, @-ir@, @-or@). Since _y_ is a consonant, it does
not count as a separate syllable (@fluvyo@).
@Definite Article.@--@La@, for all genders and numbers.
@Substantive.@--Ends in _-o_ in the singular, in _-i_ in the plural.
@Adjective.@--Is invariable, and ends in _-a_.
@Personal Pronouns.@--@Me@ = _I_, @tu@ = _thou_, @vu@ = _you_
(singular), @il@ = _he_ or _it_ (masculine), @el@ = _she_ or
_it_ (feminine), @ol@ = _it_ (thing); @ni@ = _we_, @vi@ = _you_
(plural), @li@ = _they_ (all genders). If distinction is necessary,
@ili@ = _they_ (masculine), @eli@ = _they_ (feminine), @oli@ =
_they_ (neuter).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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