149. Wanton destruction prohibited 187 150. Destruction for the purpose of Offence and Defence 188 151. Destruction in marching, reconnoitring, and conducting Transport 188 152. Destruction of Arms, Ammunition, and Provisions 189 153. Destruction of Historical Monuments, Works of Art, and the like 189 154. General Devastation 190 IX. _Assault, Siege, and Bombardment_ 155. Assault, Siege, and Bombardment, when lawful 191 156. Assault, how carried out 193 157. Siege, how carried out 193 158. Bombardment, how carried out 194 X. _Espionage and Treason_ 159. Twofold Character of Espionage and Treason 196 160. Espionage in contradistinction to Scouting and Despatch-bearing 197 161. Punishment of Espionage 198 162. Treason 199 XI. _Ruses_ 163. Character of Ruses of War 200 164. Different kinds of Stratagems 201 165. Stratagems in contradistinction to Perfidy 202 XII. _Occupation of Enemy Territory_ 166. Occupation as an Aim of Warfare 204 167. Occupation, when effected 206 168. Occupation, when ended 210 169. Rights and Duties in General of the Occupant 210 170. Rights of the Occupant regarding the Inhabitants 211 171. Position of Government Officials and Municipal Functionaries during Occupation 213 172. Position of Courts of Justice during Occupation 214 CHAPTER IV--WARFARE ON SEA I. _On Sea Warfare in General_ 173. Aims and Means of Sea Warfare 216 174. Lawful and Unlawful Practices of Sea Warfare 217 175. Objects of the Means of Sea Warfare 218 176. Development of International Law regarding Private Property on Sea 218 177. Declaration of Paris 220 178. The Principle of Appropriation of Private Enemy Vessels and Enemy Goods thereon 221 179. Impending Codification of Law of Sea Warfare 224 II. _Attack and Seizure of Enemy Vessels_