Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Dave Morgan and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net DAVID EDWARDES Introduction to Anatomy 1532 A FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION WITH ENGLISH TRANSLATION AND AN INTRODUCTORY ESSAY ON ANATOMICAL STUDIES IN TUDOR ENGLAND BY C. D. O’MALLEY AND K. F. RUSSELL STANFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Stanford, California 1961 _English translation and Introduction_ © C. D. O’Malley _and_ K. F. Russell, 1961 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, OXFORD BY VIVIAN RIDLER PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY TO THE MEMORY OF CHARLES SINGER FRIEND AND MENTOR CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 NOTES TO THE INTRODUCTION 25 FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION 31 ENGLISH TRANSLATION 53 Grateful acknowledgements are made for assistance from the National Science Foundation in the preparation of this work; to the British Museum for permission to photograph the only copy of David Edwardes’s _Introduction_ known to be in existence; and to the Wellcome Trust whose help made the publication of this work possible. INTRODUCTION On 22 August 1485 the battle of Bosworth provided its victor with the throne of England. Richard III died sword in hand and was unceremoniously buried in the Grey Friars at Leicester, and on that same day the victor, Henry Tudor, was as simply crowned and acclaimed by his troops as Henry VII. So began the Tudor dynasty in England which was to last until the death of Elizabeth in 1603, to be one of the most colourful periods of English history and to witness the arrival of the Renaissance in England. Later than its manifestation on the Continent, but thereby reaping the benefits of continental developments, English humanism as a result was soon to become no mean rival. The development of English literature is too well known for comment, while classical studies, and especially those in Greek, were to rival their continental counterpart by the end of the first quarter of the sixteenth century. Science, however, and more particularly medicine, were laggards.