Science and religion coeval, 1; Man's sense of dependence on mysterious Powers, 2; Early man's feeling toward them of a mixed nature, 3; mainly selfish, 4; Prominence of fear, 6; Conception of natural law, 7; Sense of an extrahuman Something, 9; Universality of religion, 10; Its development parallel to that of social organization, 12; Unitary character of human life, 14; External religion, 15; Internal religion, 16. CHAPTER II. THE SOUL 10 NATURE OF THE SOUL. Universal belief in an interior something, 18; its basis, 19; from observation of breath, 21; of shadow, 22; of blood, 23; Its form a sublimated double of the corporeal man, 24; or of an animal, 25; The seat of the soul, 26; Localization of qualities, 27; Consequences of the soul's leaving the body, 29; The hidden soul, 31. ORIGIN OF THE SOUL. Not investigated by savages, 32; Creation of man, 33; Theories of birth, 34; Divine origin of the soul, 36; Mysteriousness of death, 38. POLYPSYCHISM. Early views of the number and functions of souls, 39; Civilized views, 43. FUTURE OF THE SOUL. Belief in its death, 46; This belief transient, 51-53; Dwelling-place of the surviving soul in human beings, beasts, plants, or inanimate objects, 55-59; or near its earthly abode, 60-63; or in some remote place in earth, sea, or sky, 64-66; or in an underground world, 67-69; Occupations of the dead, 70; Retribution in the Underworld, 71; Nonmoral distinctions, 72-75; Moral retribution, savage, 76-78; Civilized, 79-80; Local separation of the good from the bad, 81; Reward and punishment, Hindu, 82; Egyptian, 83; Greek, 84; Jewish and Christian, 85, 86; Purgatory, 87; Resurrection, 88-90. POWERS OF THE SEPARATED SOUL. Prayers for the dead, 95, 96. GENESIS OF SPIRITS. Functions of spirits (souls of nonhuman objects), 97-100. CHAPTER III. EARLY RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES 48 Predominance of ceremonies in early religious life, 101, 102; They are communal, 103; and sacred, 104. EMOTIONAL AND DRAMATIC CEREMONIES. Religious dances and plays, 106-108; Connected with the worship of gods, 109; Are means of religious culture, 110; Processions, 111; Circumambulation, 112; Magical potency, 113. DECORATIVE AND CURATIVE CEREMONIES. Decoration of the body, 114-118; of houses, 119; of official dress, 120; Symbolism in decoration, 121. ECONOMIC CEREMONIES. Propitiation of hunted animals, 122-125; Taboos, 126; Rules about eating, 127-128; Magical means of procuring food, 129-131; Use of blood, 132; to fertilize soil, 133; Sacrifice of first-born animals, including children, 134; Raising and housing crops, 135; Rain, 136; Survivals in civilized times, 137. APOTROPAIC CEREMONIES. Early methods, 138-139; Expulsion of spirits, 140-141; Transference of evil, 142, 143; Expulsion by sacrifice, 144; The massing of such observances, 145.