12. Group Unity and the Different Forms of Consensus: _Esprit de corps_, Morale, Collective Representations. 13. The Social Nature of Concepts. 14. Conduct and Behavior. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 1. What, in your opinion, are the essential elements in Espinas' definition of society? 2. In what sense does society differ from association? 3. According to Espinas' definition, which of the following social relations would constitute society: robber and robbed; beggar and almsgiver; charity organization and recipients of relief; master and slave; employer and employee? 4. What illustrations of symbiosis in human society occur to you? 5. Are changes resulting from human symbiosis changes (a) of structure, or (b) of function? 6. What are the likenesses and the differences between social symbiosis in human and in ant society? 7. What is the difference between taming and domestication? 8. What is the relation of domestication to society? 9. Is man a _tamed_ or a _domesticated_ animal? 10. What are the likenesses between a plant and a human community? What are the differences? 11. What is the fundamental difference between a plant community and an ant society? 12. What are the differences between human and animal societies? 13. Does the ant have customs? ceremonies? 14. Do you think that there is anything akin to public sentiment in ant society? 15. What is the relation of education to social heredity? 16. In what way do you differentiate between the characteristic behavior of machines and human beings? 17. "Society not only continues to exist _by_ transmission, _by_ communication, but it may fairly be said to exist _in_ transmission, _in_ communication." Interpret. 18. How does Dewey's definition of society differ from that of Espinas? Which do you prefer? Why? 19. Is consensus synonymous with co-operation? 20. Under what conditions would Dewey characterize the following social relations as society: master and slave; employer and employee; parent and child; teacher and student? 21. In what sense does the communication of an experience to another person change the experience itself? 22. In what sense are concepts _social_ in contrast with sensations which are _individual_? Would it be possible to have concepts outside of group life? 23. How does Park distinguish between behavior and conduct? 24. In what ways is human society in its origin and continuity based on conduct? 25. To what extent does "the animal nature of man" (Hobhouse) provide a basis for the social organization of life? 26. What, according to Hobhouse, are the _differentia_ of human morality from animal behavior? 27. What do you understand by a collective representation? 28. How do you distinguish between the terms society, social community, and group? Can you name a society that could not be considered as a community? Can you name a community that is not a society? 29. In what, fundamentally, does the unity of the group consist?