1. Conceptions of Human Nature Implicit in Religious and Political Doctrines 139 2. Literature and the Science of Human Nature 141 3. Research in the Field of Original Nature 143 4. The Investigation of Human Personality 143 5. The Measurement of Individual Differences 145 _Selected Bibliography_ 147 _Topics for Written Themes_ 154 _Questions for Discussion_ 155 CHAPTER III. SOCIETY AND THE GROUP I. Introduction 1. Society, the Community, and the Group 159 2. Classification of the Materials 162 II. Materials A. Society and Symbiosis 1. Definition of Society. _Alfred Espinas_ 165 2. Symbiosis (literally "living together"). _William M. Wheeler_ 167 3. The Taming and the Domestication of Animals. _P. Chalmers Mitchell_ 170 B. Plant Communities and Animal Societies 1. Plant Communities. _Eugenius Warming_ 173 2. Ant Society. _William E. Wheeler_ 180 C. Human Society 1. Social Life. _John Dewey_ 182 2. Behavior and Conduct. _Robert E. Park_ 185 3. Instinct and Character. _L. T. Hobhouse_ 190 4. Collective Representation and Intellectual Life. _Émile Durkheim_ 193 D. The Social Group 1. Definition of the Group. _Albion W. Small_ 196 2. The Unity of the Social Group. _Robert E. Park_ 198 3. Types of Social Groups. _S. Sighele_ 200 4. _Esprit de Corps_, Morale, and Collective Representations of Social Groups. _William E. Hocking_ 205 III. Investigations and Problems 1. The Scientific Study of Societies 210 2. Surveys of Communities 211 3. The Group as a Unit of Investigation 212 4. The Study of the Family 213 _Selected Bibliography_ 217 _Topics for Written Themes_ 223 _Questions for Discussion_ 224 CHAPTER IV. ISOLATION