An exact reprint of the Latin Vulgate has recently been published by M. Hetzenauer from his Greek-Latin New Testament (see above, p. 25), entitled _Novum Testamentum Vulgatae Editionis. Ex Vaticanis Editionibus earumque Correctorio critice edidit Michael Hetzenauer._ Oeniponte, 1899. As an introduction to this edition reference may be made to the same writer’s _Wesen und Principien der Bibelkritik auf katholischer Grundlage. Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der offziellen Vulgataausgabe dargelegt._ Innsbruck, 1900. (_c._) EGYPTIAN VERSIONS. Next in importance to the Syriac versions from the East and the Latin from the West are the =Egyptian= versions from the South. Here too we find not one early version but several. [Sidenote: Dialects.] What used till lately to be called Coptic[106] is merely one of the dialects into which the language of ancient Egypt was divided. And here we must distinguish three main branches—the Bohairic, the Sahidic, and the Middle Egyptian. [Sidenote: Bohairic.] (1) =Bohairic=[107] is the name given to the dialect that was spoken in the Bohaira—_i.e._ the district by the sea and therefore Lower Egypt, the neighbourhood of Alexandria. It was the principal dialect, and being that used for ecclesiastical purposes over the whole country, and, moreover, that with which European scholars first became acquainted, the versions written in it were described as the Coptic simply. The term Memphitic, which was preferred for a time, is incorrect, because it was not till the eleventh century that the Patriarchate was transferred to Cairo—_i.e._ the district of Memphis, and in early times a different dialect was spoken there. [Sidenote: Sahidic.] (2) =Sahidic= is the name used to describe the dialect of Upper Egypt. It is sometimes and not improperly spoken of as the Thebaic in distinction to the Memphitic. [Sidenote: Middle Egyptian.] (3) Under the =Middle Egyptian=[108] we have to distinguish— (_a_) The _Fayumic_, spoken in the Fayum—_i.e._ the district to the S.W. of the Delta, watered by the Joseph Canal, and separated from the valley of the Nile by a narrow strip of the desert. It was in this district that those recent papyrus discoveries were made which have enriched the libraries and museums of Europe. (_b_) The _Middle Egyptian proper_, or Lower Sahidic, a dialect which has its home on the site of ancient Memphis. (_c_) The dialect of _Achmim_, which preserves a more primitive form of early Egyptian than any of those already referred to. In the eleventh century the Coptic Bishop Athanasius specifies three dialects of the Coptic language—the Bohairic, the Sahidic, and a third which he says was already extinct, and to which he gives the name of Bashmuric; but whether this last is to be identified with the dialects included above under the name of Middle Egyptian, is not quite certain. (1.) _The Bohairic Version._ [Sidenote: Bohairic.]