xviii. 3. See my article, “The Handicraft of St. Paul,” in the _American Journal of Biblical Literature_, xi. 2, 1892, on _lorarius_ as the Syriac rendering of σκηνοποιός = ἱμαντοτόμος, σκυτοτόμος, leather-cutter, and the notes in the _Expository Times_ for December 1896, and January and March 1897. Chrysostom calls Paul σκυτοτόμος, and in the _Inventio Sanctae Crucis_, it is said, “exercebat artem scaenographiam.” This last word I have explained as a confusion with σκηνορραφίαν, as Professor Ramsay also does. In the _Compendious Syriac Dictionary_ of J. Payne Smith (which must not be confounded with the _Thesaurus_ of her father), _lorarius_ is explained as “a maker of rough cloth for tents or horse-cloths.” But there is nothing said about tents even by the Syriac scholiasts. The correct meaning will be found in Brockelmann. Celsus (Origen, _Contra Celsum_, vi. 33) speaks of ἐκεῖνος ἀπὸ κρημνοῦ ἐρριμμένος, ἢ εἰς βάραθρον ἐωσμένος, ἢ ἀγχόνῃ πεπνιγμένος, ἢ _σκυτοτόμος_, ἢ λιθοξόος, ἢ σιδηρεύς. Paul is evidently referred to after Judas Iscariot, but who are meant by λιθοξόος and σιδηρεύς? xix. 6. I fail to understand how anyone can dismiss D here with the remark, “On account of Paul’s express declaration as to the desirability of the gift of tongues being supplemented by that of interpretation (1 Cor. xiv. 5, 13, 27), this addition seemed to be required in this case where Paul communicated the gifts of the Spirit” (Meyer-Wendt, eighth edition, p. 312). xx. 4. For Δερβαῖος D* has Δουβεριος or Δουβριος, and g _doverius_. Moreover, D* has Βερυιαιος, not Βερυαιος, as Tischendorf has it. Valckenaer and Blass insert a comma after Γάϊος, and substitute δὲ for καὶ after Δερβαῖος, with the result that Gaius becomes a Thessalonian, and Timothy a Derbean. For this Zahn sees no necessity. See his _Einleitung_, i. 149. xxviii. 16. On στρατοπεδάρχης (β) which Gigas renders _princeps peregrinorum_, see note on xxvii. 1, in Knowling’s _Acts of the Apostles_, _Expositor’s Greek Testament_, vol. ii. p. 516; article “Julius” in Hastings’ _Bible Dictionary_, Ramsay in the _Expositor_, November 1900; Zahn, _Einleitung_, i. 389 f. Wendt (eighth edition, p. 420) omits the words in xxviii. 16, on the ground that their omission either by mistake or design is very unlikely, but their insertion, on the other hand, quite intelligible. This only shows how little reliance can be placed on subjective criticism. We are not yet sufficiently well acquainted with the subscriptions of the minuscules, but it may be cited here that in one of them Luke is called συνέκδημος Παύλου, and in another θεηγόρος ὁ συγγράψας αὐτὰς ἐμπνεύσει θείᾳ. PAULINE EPISTLES.