4. What did the Greeks first mean by a _scene_? Why do we still study Greek plays? What is left of the Greek theaters? 5. What was a stadium, a portico, a gymnasium? Do we have such buildings? 6. How do we know that the Greeks made beautiful statues? 7. What games for Greek boys were like our games? Tell about the great public games of the Greeks. 8. How were the Greek rolls or books made? 9. Tell the story of Socrates. EXERCISES 1. Are there any buildings in your town which are like Greek buildings? 2. Find in your town Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian columns. 3. Get from a wall-paper dealer a sample of a frieze for a papered room. 4. What is the difference between the government of Athens and the government of your town? 5. What is the difference between the courts at Athens and the courts in your town? 6. Are Olympic games held now? Where? 7. Which prizes would you prefer, the prizes given to winners at Greek games or the prizes given to winners in our athletic games? CHAPTER IV GREEK EMIGRANTS OR COLONISTS WHEN THE ATLANTIC WAS UNKNOWN. One of the most important things done by the men of Ancient Times was to explore the coasts and lands of Europe and to make settlements wherever they went. At first they knew little of the western and northern parts of Europe. Herodotus, a Greek whom we call the "Father of History," and who was a great traveler, said, "Though I have taken vast pains, I have never been able to get an assurance from any eye-witness that there is any sea on the further side of Europe." By the "further side" he meant "western," and his remark shows that he did not know of the Atlantic Ocean. He understood that tin and amber came from the "Tin Islands," which he called the "ends of the earth." As tin came from England, it is plain that he had heard a little of that island. [Illustration: MAP OF THE WORLD AS DESCRIBED BY THE GREEK HISTORIAN HERODOTUS] GREEK EMIGRANTS. Long before Athens became a great and beautiful city the Greeks had begun to make settlements on distant shores. Those who lived on the western coast of Asia Minor, as well as those who lived where the kingdom of Greece is now, sent out colonists or emigrants. The Greek colonies were very important, because by them the ancient civilized world was made larger, just as by the settlement of America the modern world was doubled in size. The colonists sailed away from home for the same reasons which led our forefathers to leave England and Europe for America. They either hoped to find it easier in a new land to make a living and obtain property, or they did not like the way their city was ruled, and being unable to change this, resolved to build elsewhere a city which they could manage as they pleased.