2. Show on the map, what part of the Roman Empire was conquered by the Mohammedans. 3. Mention the Roman names of England, France, Germany, and Spain, Why were they changed to what they are now? 4. What people early in the Middle Ages began to emigrate from their homes to the Roman Empire? What did they do for a living? 5. Where did the Goths live? Who taught them the Christian religion? When the Goths entered the Roman Empire what did they ask of the inhabitants? Did they destroy much? How many years separated the capture of Rome by Alaric from its capture by the Gauls? 6. What tribes conquered England or Britain? What tribes conquered Roman Gaul or France? How long before Constantinople was captured? 7. What was the effect of these raids and wars upon many cities? Who tried to keep fresh the memory of what the Greeks and the Romans had done? Who used the language of the Romans? 8. Tell the story of the way the English became Christians. Who taught the Christian religion to many Germans? From what city did the Slavs receive missionaries? 9. What different names are given to the inhabitants of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden who became rovers over the seas? Where did they make settlements? 10. Tell the story of how Leif the Lucky discovered America. Why did the Northmen leave Vinland? EXERCISES 1. Point out on the map all the places mentioned in this chapter. 2. On an outline map mark the names of the peoples mentioned in the chapter on the countries where they settled. 3. Ask children in school who know some other language than English what are their names for England, Germany, France, Spain, and Italy. _Important dates_: Alaric's capture of Rome, 410 A.D. Discovery of America by the Northmen, 1000 A.D. CHAPTER XI HOW ENGLISHMEN LEARNED TO GOVERN THEMSELVES HEROES OF THE MIDDLE AGES. The Middle Ages, like Ancient Times, are recalled by many interesting tales. Some of them, such as the stories of King Arthur and his Knights, the story of Roland, and the Song of the Niebelungs, are only tales and not history. Others tell us about great kings, Charlemagne and St. Louis of France, Frederick the Redbeard of Germany, or St. Stephen of Hungary. The hero-king for England was Alfred, who fought bravely against the pirate Danes and finally conquered and persuaded many of them to live quietly under his rule. KING ALFRED BEGAN TO REIGN IN 871. King Alfred was a skilful warrior, but he was also an excellent ruler in time of peace. When he was a boy he had shown his love of books. His mother once offered a beautifully written Saxon poem as a prize to the one of her sons who should be the first to learn it. Alfred could not yet read, but he had a ready memory, and with the aid of his teacher he learned the poem and won the prize.