Introductory lectures on psycho-analysis : $b a course of twenty-eight lectures delivered at the University of ViennaFreud, Sigmund
Science
Introductory lectures on psycho-analysis : $b a course of twenty-eight lectures delivered at the University of Vienna
Freud, Sigmund
Psychoanalysis
Perhaps some indication will be found later which will throw some light
upon this unknown quantity.
The number of things which are represented symbolically in dreams is not
great. The human body as a whole, parents, children, brothers and
sisters, birth, death, nakedness—and one thing more. The only typical,
that is to say, regularly occurring, representation of the human form as
a whole is that of a _house_, as was recognized by Scherner, who even
wanted to attribute to this symbol an overwhelming significance which is
not really due to it. People have dreams of climbing down the front of a
house, with feelings sometimes of pleasure and sometimes of dread. When
the walls are quite smooth, the house means a man; when there are ledges
and balconies which can be caught hold of, a woman. Parents appear in
dreams as _emperor_ and _empress_, _king_ and _queen_ or other exalted
personages; in this respect the dream attitude is highly dutiful.
Children and brothers and sisters are less tenderly treated, being
symbolized by _little animals_ or _vermin_. Birth is almost invariably
represented by some reference to _water_: either we are falling into
water or clambering out of it, saving someone from it or being saved by
them, i.e. the relation between mother and child is symbolized. For
dying we have setting out upon a _journey_ or _travelling_ by train,
while the state of death is indicated by various obscure and, as it
were, timid allusions; _clothes_ and _uniforms_ stand for nakedness. You
see that here the dividing line between the symbolic and the allusive
kinds of representation tends to disappear.
In comparison with the poverty of this enumeration, it cannot fail to
strike us that objects and matters belonging to another range of ideas
are represented by a remarkably rich symbolism. I am speaking of what
pertains to the sexual life—the genitals, sexual processes and
intercourse. An overwhelming majority of symbols in dreams are sexual
symbols. A curious disproportion arises thus, for the matters dealt with
are few in number, whereas the symbols for them are extraordinarily
numerous, so that each of these few things can be expressed by many
symbols practically equivalent. When they are interpreted, therefore,
the result of this peculiarity gives universal offence, for, in contrast
to the multifarious forms of its representation in dreams, the
interpretation of the symbols is very monotonous. This is displeasing to
everyone who comes to know of it: but how can we help it?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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