Introductory lectures on psycho-analysis : $b a course of twenty-eight lectures delivered at the University of ViennaFreud, Sigmund
Science
Introductory lectures on psycho-analysis : $b a course of twenty-eight lectures delivered at the University of Vienna
Freud, Sigmund
Psychoanalysis
The formation of such composite figures must be of great importance in
the dream-work, for we can prove that the common properties necessary to
their formation are purposely manufactured where at first sight they
would seem to be lacking, as, for example, by the choice of some
particular verbal expression for a thought. We have already met with
instances of condensation and composite-formation of this sort; they
played an important part in originating many slips of the tongue. You
will remember the case of the young man who wished to “insort” a lady
(_beleidigen_ = insult, _begleiten_ = escort, composite word
_begleitdigen_). Besides, there are jokes in which the technique is
traceable to condensation of this sort. Apart from this, however, we may
venture to assert that this process is something quite unusual and
strange. It is true that in many a creation of phantasy we meet with
counterparts to the formation of the composite persons of our dreams,
component parts which do not belong to one another in reality being
readily united into a single whole by phantasy, as, for instance, in the
centaurs and fabulous animals of ancient mythology or of Boecklin’s
pictures. “Creative” phantasy can, in fact, invent nothing new, but can
only regroup elements from different sources. But the peculiar thing
about the way in which the dream-work proceeds is this: its material
consists of thoughts, some of which may be objectionable and
disagreeable, but which nevertheless are correctly formed and expressed.
The dream-work transmutes these thoughts into another form, and it is
curious and incomprehensible that in this process of translation—of
rendering them, as it were, into another script or language—the means of
blending and combining are employed. The translator’s endeavour in other
cases must surely be to respect the distinctions observed in the text,
and especially to differentiate between things which are similar but not
the same; the dream-work, on the contrary, strives to condense two
different thoughts by selecting, after the manner of wit, an ambiguous
word which can suggest both thoughts. We must not expect to understand
this characteristic straight away, but it may assume great significance
for our conception of the dream-work.
Although condensation renders the dream obscure, yet it does not give
the impression of being an effect of the dream-censorship. Rather we
should be inclined to trace it to mechanical or economic factors;
nevertheless the censorship’s interests are served by it.
What condensation can achieve is sometimes quite extraordinary: by this
device it is at times possible for two completely different latent
trains of thought to be united in a single manifest dream, so that we
arrive at an apparently adequate interpretation of a dream and yet
overlook a second possible meaning.
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