Transcriber’s Notes: Misspellings in the source text have been corrected. The oe-ligature is indicated with œ in this text version. Missing page entries for “Wooden shoes” was assigned a page number by the transcriber. Index entry for “Stamfield, Jas.” was removed since this name does not occur in the main text. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY SERIES EDITOR: JUSTIN McCARTHY. ASSOCIATE EDITORS: REV. W. H. WITHROW, M.A., D.D., F.R.S.C. CHARLES G. D. ROBERTS, M.A., F.R.C.I. J. CASTELL HOPKINS, F.R.S.L. T. G. MARQUIS, B.A. REV. T. S. LINSCOTT, F.R.C.I. INVENTIONS IN THE CENTURY BY WILLIAM H. DOOLITTLE _Expert and Patent Solicitor, Ex-Examiner in the Patent Office and Assistant Commissioner of Patents at Washington, Writer of Inventions, Etc._ THE LINSCOTT PUBLISHING COMPANY TORONTO AND PHILADELPHIA W. & R. CHAMBERS, Limited LONDON AND EDINBURGH 1903 Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the Year One Thousand Nine Hundred and Two, by the Bradley-Garretson Co., Limited, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. Entered, according to Act of Parliament of Canada, in the Year One Thousand Nine Hundred and Two, by the Bradley-Garretson Co., Limited, in the Office of the Minister of Agriculture. _All Rights Reserved._ CONTENTS. PAGE CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES. Inventions and Discoveries.--Distinctions and Contrast.--The One, Useful Contrivances of Man; the Other, New Things Found in Nature.--Galileo and the Telescope.--Newton and the Law of Gravitation.--Often United as Soul and Body.--Inventions and Discoveries do not Precede or Succeed in Order.--Inventions-- Alphabetical Writing; Arabic Notation; The Mariner’s Compass; The Telescope; The Steam Engine.--Discoveries;--Attraction of Gravitation; Planetary Motions; Circulation of Blood; Velocity of Light.--Nineteenth Century Inventions and Discoveries.-- Further Definitions.--Law of Development.--Contrivances, not Creations.--Man Always an Inventor.--Prof. Langley on Slow Growth of Inventions.--Inventions of this Century Outgrowth of Past Ones.--Egyptian Crooked Stick, Precursor of Modern Plough.--Hero of Alexandria and James Watt.--David’s Harp and the Grand Piano.--Electrical Science in 1600 and the Present Day.--Evolution and Interrelation of the Arts.--Age of Machine Inventions.--Its Beginning.--The Inducements to Invention.-- Necessity not Always the Mother.--Wants of Various Kinds.-- Accident.--Governmental Protection the Greatest Incentive.-- Origin and Growth of Patent Laws.--Influence of Personal, Political and Intellectual Freedom and Education.--Arts of Civilization Due to the Inventor.--Macaulay’s Estimate.-- Will Inventions Continue to Increase or Decrease.--Effect of Economic, Industrial and Social Life upon Inventions.--What Inventions have Done for Humanity.--Thread of the Centuries.--