_Fenianism._--This was a secret society formed for the purpose of establishing an Irish Republican Brotherhood and severing all connection with the British crown. James Stephens was the leader and supreme chief of the Fenian revolutionary movement. It went as far as to decree a republic established. It destroyed some of the best regiments in the British army and extended to the navy, as well as to parts of France, America and England. The Fenians took the field in Cahirsciveen in February, 1867, and in the counties of Cork, Limerick, Clare, Waterford and Tipperary, Dublin and South on the 5th of March following. This revolution did not succeed in its purpose. FOOTNOTES: [1] A marriage ceremony does not in itself wholly complete a marriage in the Catholic Church. (See the Catholic Encyclopedia.) [2] The anniversaries of the Battles of the Boyne and Aughrim are celebrated on the 1st and 12th of July in Belfast, by Orangemen wrecking Catholic churches and assaulting women and old people. [3] Brien Borue: Borue was only a nickname given to Brien. His father's name was Kennedy. Brien Borue and his father were of the family of Cormac. [4] In America, Parnell was offered twenty-five dollars, five thereof to buy bread and twenty to buy lead, i. e., for the Land League. It was accepted. [5] The Union came into force on the 1st of January, 1801. Ever since the fight to restore to Ireland her Parliament has gone on without intermission. The members of Grattan's Parliament were all Protestants yet the majority of Roman Catholics in Ireland prefer it to a union with England. [6] Bess Rice and Clara Hussey were Catholics and belonged to the last century. While they held sway to the west of Dingle they both caused so much misery to their unfortunate tenants that the tears which fell from mothers, wives, children and husbands would, I am told, water those ladies' whole properties. The way in which they oppressed their victims would, it appears, be their most fitting epitaph. [7] Many in America unacquainted with Irish politics are under the impression that moonlighting is "moonshining," i. e., making poteen whisky. Moonshining is pretty common in backward portions of Florida and Virginia. Moonshiners have no welcome for strangers for fear of informing on them. They denounce the laws which compel them to work by night boiling the produce of their toil in the wilderness while no law stops ladies from wearing aigrettes or slaughtering fine birds of Florida for their feathers. On the approach of strangers moonshiners hide the still, extinguish their campfires and hide themselves in the forests very quickly. [8] Edward Harrington, M. P. for West Kerry, addressing a meeting held by Parnell in the Square Tralee, said: "We will have no half measures of Home Rule, and we will have no Chief but Charlie." [9] The following is a copy of a letter addressed by the author to Mr. Thomas O'Donnell, M. P., on the 1st of January, 1916: