Produced by Charlene Taylor and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net IRISH PLAYS AND PLAYWRIGHTS BY CORNELIUS WEYGANDT WITH ILLUSTRATIONS [Illustration] BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY The Riverside Press Cambridge COPYRIGHT, 1913, BY CORNELIUS WEYGANDT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED _Published February 1913_ [Illustration] PREFACE There are so many who have helped me with this book that I cannot begin to thank them one by one. If I name any, however, there are four I would name together. There is my old friend, long since dead, Lawrence Kelly, of County Wexford, who first told me Irish folk-stories, adding to the wonderment of my boyhood with his tales of Finn McCool, Dean Swift, and "The Red-haired Man." There is Dr. Robert Ellis Thompson, of Philadelphia, who quickened, by his enthusiasm, over "twenty golden years ago," my interest in all things Irish. There is Dr. Clarence Griffin Child, my colleague, who recognized the power of these men I write of in "Irish Plays and Playwrights" when there were fewer to recognize their power than there are to-day. There is Mr. John Quinn, of New York, without whose aid ten years ago the current Irish dramatic movement would not have progressed as it has. He has lent for reproduction here the sketches by Mr. J.B. Yeats of Synge, Mr. George Moore, and Mr. Padraic Colum. All but all of the writers I mention particularly in these chapters have put me under obligation by cheerful response to many letters full of questions as to their work. Mr. James H. Cousins and Mr. S. Lennox Robinson have taken especial trouble in my behalf, and Lady Gregory, Mr. W.B. Yeats, and Mr. George W. Russell have put themselves out in many ways that I might learn of Irish Letters. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, December 28, 1912. CONTENTS I. THE CELTIC RENAISSANCE 1 II. THE PLAYERS AND THEIR PLAYS, THEIR AUDIENCE AND THEIR ART 13 III. MR. WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS 37 IV. MR. EDWARD MARTYN AND MR. GEORGE MOORE 72 V. MR. GEORGE W. RUSSELL ("A.E.") 114 VI. LADY GREGORY 138 VII. JOHN MILLINGTON SYNGE 160 VIII. THE YOUNGER DRAMATISTS--MR. PADRAIC COLUM; MR. WILLIAM BOYLE; MR. T.C. MURRAY; MR. S. LENNOX ROBINSON; MR. RUTHERFORD MAYNE; "NORREYS CONNELL"; MR. ST. JOHN G. ERVINE; MR. JOSEPH CAMPBELL 198 IX. WILLIAM SHARP ("FIONA MACLEOD") 251 APPENDIX 297 PLAYS PRODUCED, IN DUBLIN, BY THE ABBEY THEATRE COMPANY INDEX 305 ILLUSTRATIONS