Irrigation works : $b the principles on which their design and working should be based, with special details relating to Indian canals and some proposed improvementsBellasis, E. S. (Edward Skelton)
Science
Irrigation works : $b the principles on which their design and working should be based, with special details relating to Indian canals and some proposed improvements
Bellasis, E. S. (Edward Skelton)
Canals; Irrigation
In Gibb’s module the above conditions can be complied with. The module
is placed outside the bank of the distributary. The water is drawn off
from the distributary by a pipe, whose lower edge is at the bed level of
the distributary, and delivered from the module into the watercourse
through a rectangular aperture at a higher level than that of the pipe.
It is possible that, owing to the high level of the aperture, some
rolling silt which would otherwise have passed out of the distributary
may remain in it. The height of the aperture also prevents the
watercourse from drawing off any water at all when the water level of
the distributary falls below a certain level, but this objection is not
important. An escape weir or notch is provided so that when the water
level in the distributary rises to the maximum limit some water
overflows into the watercourse. On the whole it appears that all
difficulties can be got over, though a good deal of care and precision
is necessary in fixing the exact height of the maximum and minimum
limits.
The difficulties under consideration will all be reduced if some of the
outlets on a distributary are left unmoduled, and this is desirable on
other grounds. When the supply is normal, _i.e._ between the maximum and
minimum limits, and all modules are working, the supply entering the
distributary must be regulated with great precision. The outlets draw
off a certain supply. If less than this enters the distributary the tail
outlets must go short. If more enters there will be a surplus at the
tail, though it can probably be disposed of, because the tail water will
rise above the maximum limit. For short periods, say an hour or two, no
trouble arises because the distributary acts as a reservoir, the water
level rising to take in any excess supply, and falling to allow for a
deficiency. At the tail the rise and fall may be hardly perceptible. But
if the supply were deficient for a whole night the tail outlets would
certainly go short. This could theoretically be remedied to some extent
by letting in an excess supply for a short time and causing the water
level at the tail to rise above the maximum limit, but in practice no
such system of compensation could be worked. The very fact of the tail
outlets having gone short for a night would not be known. The proper
method of preventing any such troubles as those under consideration is
to leave some of the outlets on the distributary un-moduled.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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