Irritability : $b a physiological analysis of the general effect of stimuli in living substanceVerworn, Max
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Irritability : $b a physiological analysis of the general effect of stimuli in living substance
Verworn, Max
Irritability
This assumption is contradicted, however, by the fact that subsequently
to the disappearance of the response at a point situated at the
_greatest distance_ from the place of exit, an effect of stimulation
can be obtained at the _nearest_ point to the exit with the same or
even less strength of the current. As the irritability in the affected
stretch is reduced at all points in equal measure, the fact of a weaker
stimulus becoming inoperative whilst a stronger remains effective can
only be attributed to the circumstance that the wave of excitation
set free at some point of the influenced stretch by a weaker stimulus
is sooner obliterated on its way to the muscle than that produced at
the same point by a stronger stimulus. These experiments, in which
the manifestations of the nerves in response to stimuli applied
centrally above the chamber in the normal stretch are compared to those
in response to a stimulus acting on the affected stretch, clearly
demonstrate the totally different effect in both cases. In stimulation
of the centrally situated normal stretch, the wave of excitation, which
enters from here into the influenced stretch, is obliterated at the
same point simultaneously for the weakest as well as for the strongest
stimulus; stimulation of the affected stretch, the wave of excitation
which is set free at one point by a weak stimulus, is obliterated
sooner and after passing through a shorter stretch than that which is
produced by a stronger stimulus. It is self-evident that in the first
instance, in which the stimulus acts on the centrally situated normal
stretch, the wave of excitation, thereby set free, must in passing
through the affected stretch undergo a decrement of its intensity. If,
therefore, the wave of excitation, coming from above, is obliterated
exactly at the same point, whether brought about by weak or strong
stimuli, the inevitable conclusion must be drawn that, whether either
a weak or a strong stimulus is operative, the wave of excitation must
have entered into the influenced stretch from the normal stretch with
exactly the same intensity. In other words: the weakest as well as the
strongest stimuli produce excitations of equal intensity in the normal
nerve, that is, the “_all or none law_” is _valid for the nerve_.
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