Irritability : $b a physiological analysis of the general effect of stimuli in living substanceVerworn, Max
Science
Irritability : $b a physiological analysis of the general effect of stimuli in living substance
Verworn, Max
Irritability
The relation here described, of the catalytic stimuli to the production
of the metamorphic processes, leads us to the distinctions between
primary and secondary effects of stimulation. Should the general fact
be established, which has up to now only been pointed out in individual
cases, that all the metamorphic processes are merely secondary results
of primary alterations in rapidity of individual metabolic constituent
processes, _then the primary reactions of every stimulus would consist
purely in the excitation or depression of the directly concerned
constituent_. Whether or not, as may be assumed, this primary effect
of stimulation applies to _all_ stimuli, is a question which only the
future can answer.
The metamorphic processes are not, however, the only secondary effects
of stimulation. The influence of long-continued excitation of the
functional constituent processes upon the entire cytoplastic metabolism
can be looked upon as a secondary response. Therefore, they may be
considered as a _secondary_ effect of stimulation which, in contrast to
this _primary excitation_, may be called the _secondary excitation_.
Further: While the secondary excitation and metamorphic processes
are generally produced by the continued existing effects of weak
stimulation, we also observe as the result of a stimulus of short
duration or frequently repeated at brief intervals, but otherwise
not exceeding the physiological limits of intensity, a secondary
effect, which plays a very important part in the activity of the
organism. I refer to fatigue. Here a secondary depression is developed
in connection with the primary excitation, for fatigue of a living
organism must be characterized as a depression of activity. This case
shows that we have to distinguish between a _primary depression_,
as for example, produced by temperature reduction, withdrawal of
food, deficiency of oxygen, etc., which occurs as a direct effect of
stimulation, and _secondary depression_, which as in fatigue is an
_indirect_ result of primary excitation.
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