With regard to the doctrine of free-will, it holds that there is neither absolute compulsion nor absolute freedom, but ‘God does whatever He pleases, for He is Sovereign Lord.’ =Mutazalaism.=—Mutazalaism, on the other hand, denies the doctrine of corporeal resurrection and corporeal vision. It enunciates that the Koran is the created word of God and not eternal, that God alone is Eternal, that man is the ‘creative efficient of his actions, good and bad, and gets reward and punishment in the future world by merit for what he does’; ‘that the All-Wise does only that which is beneficial and good.’ It further holds that the Divine ordinances which regulate the conduct of men are the results of growth and development. It maintains that the knowledge of God is within the province of reason, and with the exception of Himself everything else is liable to change or to suffer extinction.[51] FOOTNOTES [1] Hogarth’s _Penetration of Arabia_, p. 7. [2] Koran, sura xci. [3] Sura vi. 59-60. [4] Sura xl. 1. [5] Sura vi. 95. [6] Sura xxix. 44. [7] See _The Spirit of Islâm_ (Pop. Ed.), p. 145. [8] _The Spirit of Islâm_ (Pop. Ed.), p. 144. [9] These terms are still in use among non-Arab Moslems to describe the Arabian _Jinnat_ (‘garden’) and _Jehannum_ (‘hell’). [10] Paradise itself seems to be the hellenised ‘firdous’ of the Zoroastrians. [11] See _The Spirit of Islâm_, chapter on the ‘Idea of Future Life.’ [12] Sura xiii. 20-24. [13] Sura xxxi. [14] That is, in the Koran. [15] The _Masnawi_ of Jalâl-ud-dîn of Rûm; see _The Spirit of Islâm_, p. 393. [16] Sura xxxix. 54. [17] Sura xi. 92. [18] Sura xi. 62. [19] See _The Spirit of Islâm_, p. 236. [20] An interesting pamphlet called _The Agreement between Science and Religion_, by Orlando J. Smith (New York: Farrell). [21] Sura iv. 36. [22] Sura xvii. 36. [23] Sura ii. 257, delivered at Medîna. [24] See _The Spirit of Islâm_, chapter on ‘Slavery.’ [25] See _The Spirit of Islâm_, chapter on the ‘Literary and Scientific Spirit of Islâm.’ [26] 29th August 570 A.C. [27] Like Balâl, the first muezzin of Islâm, originally a negro slave. [28] See _The Spirit of Islâm_, p. 24. [29] About Mohammed’s marriages after the death of Khadîja, see _The Spirit of Islâm_, pp. 193-198. [30] See _The Spirit of Islâm_, p. 52. [31] In the annals of Islâm the pre-Islâmite period is called by this name. [32] See _Short History of the Saracens_, pp. 27-34. [33] Jews and Christians. [34] Koran, sura cx. [35] The Mishkât. [36] 1 Sam. xv. 3. Neither the lapse of ages nor the influence of Christianity in the West has made much difference in the nature of the ordinary man, since the Prophet of Israel gave this ferocious command to his people. The passion for vengeance, the desire to strike fear, are as strong as ever. The demands of rage, the dictates of expediency still stifle the voice of pity, the claims of justice. Rapine and slaughter, havoc and destruction, are still the gospel of the strong.