James Cutbush, an American Chemist, 1788-1823 — John Shaqi
James Cutbush, an American Chemist, 1788-1823Smith, Edgar Fahs
History
James Cutbush, an American Chemist, 1788-1823
Smith, Edgar Fahs
Chemists -- United States -- Biography; Cutbush, James, 1788-1823
In 1820 Dr. James Lovell, Surgeon General of the Army, suggested to
General Thayer, Superintendent of the Military Academy at West Point,
that Cutbush be appointed Chief Medical Officer at the Academy and
Post of West Point. In this capacity he served for seventeen months,
when he became Acting Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy in the
Academy. The first lecture in his new position was delivered October
9, 1820. In a sense, it marked the beginning of a new career for
Cutbush. He resumed teaching duties, but gave himself more
particularly to the study, not only of gunpowder, which never ceased
to be interesting to him, but to explosives of higher character, and
in this latter field he reached his greatest eminence and may
confidently be regarded as a pioneer in it.
Just before leaving Philadelphia, in the year 1820, Cutbush wrote
Benjamin Silliman at some length on an improvement of the Voltaic
electrical lamp. It was an ingenious modification and constituted the
first contribution made by Cutbush to the _American Journal of
Science_.
But, returning to his life at West Point, it may be observed that in
1822 he contributed his second article to the _Journal of Science_,
which did not appear in print, however, until 1824. This article
related to the composition and properties of the Chinese fire and the
so-called brilliant fires. It was very interesting. It displayed a
thorough and wide knowledge of pyrotechnics with which Cutbush, in
previous years, had been gradually familiarizing himself. At one point
he said:
"Most if not all the compositions used in fireworks,
including military fireworks, were more the result of the
labours of the artisan who was neither controlled by fixed
principles nor by a knowledge of the effects and properties
of bodies and of the systematic experiments of the chemist,
and yet in consequence of some fortuitous and repeated trials
we find that he has been successful, and moreover has amassed
a body of facts which we may reasonably infer may either be
rendered more perfect by knowledge or improved upon by the
exact aid of chemical science."
Here is every proof of his purpose to apply his understanding of
chemical principles and his own experience to the solution of
pyrotechnic problems, for he continues:
"Pyrotechnics is at present considered under two heads,
namely, fireworks for exhibition and military fireworks. The
latter is undoubtedly the most useful, as it embraces a
variety of propositions calculated for attack and defence
both for naval and land service."
Almost simultaneously there appeared in the same _Journal of Arts and
Science_ another contribution by Cutbush, entitled
REMARKS CONCERNING THE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF THE
GREEK FIRE
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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