James Cutbush, an American Chemist, 1788-1823 — John Shaqi
James Cutbush, an American Chemist, 1788-1823Smith, Edgar Fahs
History
James Cutbush, an American Chemist, 1788-1823
Smith, Edgar Fahs
Chemists -- United States -- Biography; Cutbush, James, 1788-1823
The surroundings of Cutbush were congenial. Woodhouse was at the
zenith of his career. John Redman Coxe figured largely in Philadelphia
science circles. The delightful and widely trained Benjamin Smith
Barton was a prime favorite with the younger men of science; Adam
Seybert was laying the foundations of mineralogical chemistry and
Gerard Troost was soon to appear and give additional zest and impetus
to chemical research. To all these men Cutbush was known and favorably
known, judging from his own allusions to them in his scattered
writings. Of them all he seems to have entertained the strongest
attachment to the celebrated Barton and the talented Coxe, although he
wrote of Dr. Woodhouse as "an experimenter unequalled." It is strange,
however, that his references to Robert Hare are few and meagre. It is
not easy to understand why this should be the case. True, there
existed local prejudices and cliques in the closing decades of the
18th Century and the opening decades of the 19th Century. They are to
be deplored, but humanity is frail and perhaps it is wisest to pass
them by, yet so many things could be better understood if all the
facts were laid bare. Frequent favorable mention was made by Cutbush
of John Redman Coxe, hence probably the appearance of several of his
contributions in the pages of the Philadelphia _Medical Museum_,
edited at this particular time by Coxe. For example, in 1809, Cutbush
published an article on the formation of ether in this journal, and
suggested that the product of the interaction of sulphuric acid and
alcohol could be best purified by distilling it over manganese or lead
dioxide and not over caustic potash as was customary. He also dwelt on
the production of ethylene in this process, attributing its presence
to the dehydrating action of sulphuric acid upon the alcohol.
Momentarily, he rejoiced over this observation, believing it was new,
but promptly subsided when he discovered that Fourcroy and Vauquelin
had long before made the same observations and given the same
explanation. Two years later (1811), in the same journal, Cutbush
reported results gathered from experiments to determine the value of
the hop to brewers. He said much in regard to its essential oil in the
preparation of malt liquor and repeated earlier personal observations
upon the importance of chemistry in the brewing operations--
"An art in which, to the principles of chemistry, many
improvements have been made. To our worthy and ingenious
countryman, Mr. Hare, much praise is due for various
improvements in this art, which, we may add, were in
consequence of his correct principles in chemistry and
natural philosophy."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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