James's Account of S. H. Long's Expedition, 1819-1820, part 1James, Edwin
History
James's Account of S. H. Long's Expedition, 1819-1820, part 1
James, Edwin
Indians of North America; Rocky Mountains; United States -- Discovery and exploration; West (U.S.) -- Description and travel
Alveolar margins of the maxillæ serrated, the spiculæ pointing
backwards towards the œsophagus. The œsophagus very large, like
that of the serpents, gradually expanding as it descends to
form the stomach, which again contracts at the commencement of
the intestinal tube; the lining membrane of the œsophagus and
stomach, thrown into longitudinal folds, which were continued
throughout the intestines; which tube undergoes several
enlargements in its course, giving it a sacculated appearance
similar to the alimentary canal of the alligator; in the animal
under consideration, they form several convolutions previous
to their termination into the cloaca; the stomach contained an
earth worm. The mesentery transparent, displaying a number of
very large lacteals, which, in the present instance, were filled
with coagulated chyle. Length of the intestines 10 inches.
The ovary is of considerable size, of an oblong figure, lying
close to the vertebræ, and opening by a straight duct into the
posterior part of the cloaca. _Liver_ very large, and apparently
(but not certainly) discharged its contents into the stomach.
_Lungs_ consist of two long membranous bags, which run the whole
length of the abdomen, anteriorly to the stomach and intestines;
the opening of the larynx scarcely large enough to admit a pin's
head; the lungs resemble two long air-bags, more than a true
pulmonary apparatus; the cartilaginous laminæ of the branchia,
three in number, attached superiorly to the integuments over the
cervical vertebræ, converging together beneath or anteriorly,
and are attached to a cartilage answering to the os hyoides; the
heart, which was extremely small, consisted apparently of one
auricle and one ventricle, the aorta soon bifurcated, sending
one branch to each pulmonary apparatus to be intimately ramified
upon the branchia, resembling so far the circulation of fishes,
and differing from the amphibia, in which there is either a
double or mixed circulation.
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