_House_—The hand half open, and the fore finger extended and separated; then raise the hand upwards, and give it a half turn, as if screwing something. _Done, or finished_—The hands placed edge up and down, parallel to each other; the right hand without; which latter is drawn back, as if cutting something. _Spring season_—The sign of cold, to which add the last sign of being done or finished. _Body_—The hands with the fingers pointed to the lower part of the body, and then drawn upwards. _Hair_—The movement of combing. {289} APPENDIX C INDIAN SPEECHES Speeches of Pawnees, Pawnee Loups, and Pawnee Republicans, at a council held at the Engineer Cantonment, October, 1819. In concluding his address, on opening the Pawnee council, Major O'Fallon requested them, if any subject rested heavily on their minds, to come forward and express themselves without fear. Long Hair (Tarrarecawaho,) immediately arose, and with a firm step placed himself in the middle of the area. He stood for a short time immovable, then slowly advanced nearer to the agent, and with a very loud, powerful voice, fierce countenance, and vehement gesticulation, thus addressed him: Father, The Master of Life placed me on this land, and what should I fear? Nothing. You are a chief, and I am a chief. Father, Look at me, and see if I deceive you, when I say that I have but one intention, and that is a good one. Father, My heart is strong; I say, my heart is strong. Father, Those who robbed and whipped your people, I did not see; I was not present. Father, Those Republican Pawnees are bad people, they have injured the whites, but I have not, and that is the reason why I am not afraid to see you. {290} Father, We are fond of pipes; we like to travel to our neighbouring nations, and smoke with them. Father, I am desirous to go now, and hunt the buffaloe; but when the grass comes up in the spring, I hope to see you again. Father, This medal which you see on my neck, is my father's image. It is dear to me, because he presented and placed it on my neck. Father, Wherever I have been to visit my father (Governor Clarke), or my fathers, I have heard good talk, and mine has been good also; but there are many here who will not give ear to their words. Father, I am happy to hear what you say about peace; that we particularly desire, especially with the whites. Father, Affairs have been bad. I am not a child; I listened to the talk you sent to us, and was therefore not afraid to come and see you. Those whites, and all those people around me, I consider as my children, and am glad to see them. I tell you that I am poor; who is the cause of it? not myself; it is my young men. That is all I have to say. I give you my hand. _La-ceech-ne-sha-ru_, the Knife Chief, a Pawnee Loup. Father, Here I am before you. You see me. I am poor.