ASTRA. "Astra" Soc. de Constructions Aeronautiques, (Anciens Etabs. Surcouf) Soc. An'yme 13 Rue Couchat, Billancourt (Seine). Works: 121-123 Rue de Bellevue, Billancourt. Flying grounds: Issy-les-Molineux Villacoublay (S-&-O). This old established balloon and dirigible firm first took up aviation as French agents for the _Wrights_ in 1909. For a time they built _Wrights_ with certain modifications, but by 1912, little save the Wright system of warping remained. Capacity: about 100 machines a year. +------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------- | Biplane, | Military | Biplane, | Mil. biplane, | Hydro-biplane, | type C. | biplane | Type C. | type C.M. | type C.M. | ~1912-13.~ | type C.M. | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | Wood. | ~1912-13.~ | Wood & steel. | Wood & steel. | Wood & steel | | Wood | | | -------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------- ~Length~ feet (m.)| 34 (10.40) | 36 (10.97) | 34 (10.40) | 36 (10.97) | 32-3/4 (10) ~Span~ feet (m.)| 41 (12.50) | 40-1/2 (12.32) | 41 (12.50) | 40-1/2 (12.32) | 39-1/2 (12) ~Area.~ sq. feet (m squared)| 519 (48.2) | 519 (48.2) | 519 (48.2) | 519 (48.2) | 519 (48.2) {machine lbs. (kgs.)| 1764 (800) | 2365 (1073) | ... | 1411 (640) | 1763 (800) ~Weight~ { | | | | | (unladen) {useful lbs. (kgs.)| 661 (300) | 882 (400) | ... | ... | ... ~Motor~ h.p.| 50 Renault | 75 Renault | 50 Renault | 75 Renault | 100 Renault | | or 75 Chenu | | | {max. m.p.h. (km.)| 56 (90) | 56 (90) | 56 (90) | 56 (90) | 56 (90) ~Speed~ { | | | | | {min. m.p.h. (km.)| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... ~Endurance~ hrs.| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...