Loss of national character by emigration, p. 13; by promotion of sloth, p. 16. Lack of adaptability, p. 16. Low type of public pleasure, p. 17. Repression of character by communism, p. 20. Conditions of successful communism, p. 20. Communism in early Christianity, p. 23. Intense competition among herbivora, p. 25. Communism fatalistic, p. 26. Destruction of character by municipal communism, p. 26. CHAPTER III. TRADE UNIONISM, ITS FLOWER AND FRUITION. Town influence in Rome, p. 28. Decay of the country, p. 29. Growth of trade unions, p. 30. Trade unions compulsory, p. 30. Cheap production for the proletariat, p. 32. Sharing of proletariat burden by a trade, p. 32. All property hypothecated to the Trade Unions, p. 33. The social burden the destruction of Rome, p. 34. The growth of the little-Italy party, p. 35. Devolution of government, p. 36. The state regulation of prices and wages, p. 37. CHAPTER IV. REVOLUTION OR EVOLUTION? Great effects best produced by small causes, p. 40. Revolution leads to greater tyranny, p. 40; also leads to military despotism, p. 41. Radical changes show ignorance, p. 42. Scope to be allowed for gradual change, p. 43. Variability tolerated by bye-laws, p. 44. Effects of small changes as seen in Death Duties and reduced colonising power, p. 44. Income tax and expulsion of trade, p. 47; benefits of taxing extravagance, p. 52; Irish tenant right, p. 53; high interest on loans, p. 55; equalisation of land values, p. 56; growth of cities, p. 57. Effect of workmen's compensation, p. 58; of old age pensions, p. 59; of state help for children, p. 60. Effects of wealth in the hands of different classes, p. 60. CHAPTER V. THE NEED OF DIVERSITY. Variability needful for advance of a species, p. 65. Large states a necessary result of rapid communication, p. 66. Diversity needed therefore within the state, as well as between states, p. 67. No moral obligation to uniformity, p. 67. Separate states needed for a doubled-centred diversity, p. 70. Diversity as yet remaining in marriage-law and custom, p. 71. Society a mixture of many past stages of culture, p. 72. Present education a bar to progress by diversity, p. 73. Need of diversity in education, p. 75. CHAPTER VI. LINES OF ADVANCE.