The Empress Jingō, after her return from the expedition against Korea in A.D. 303, introduced the Korean system of division, by constituting the home provinces and circuits. After some changes and subdivisions in subsequent times the apportionment was settled as follows: _Gokinai_ or the five home provinces, viz. Yamashiro, Yamato, Kawachi, Izumi, and Settsu; _Tōkaidō_, or eastern sea circuit, 15 provinces; _Tōzandō_, or eastern mountain circuit, eight provinces; _Sanindō_, or mountain back circuit, eight provinces; _Sanyōdō_, or mountain front circuit, eight provinces; and _Saikaidō_, or western sea circuit, nine provinces; in all sixty-eight provinces. After the close of the war of restoration in 1868, the large territories in the north of the Main island represented by the provinces of Mutsu and Dewa, which had been conquered from the Ainos, were subdivided into seven provinces, thus making seventy-three. Still later the island of Yezo, with which were associated the Kurile islands, was created a circuit under the name of _Hok-kaidō_, or north sea circuit, having eleven provinces. The number of existing provinces therefore is eighty-four. In recent times these eighty-four provinces have for administrative purposes been consolidated into three imperial cities (_fu_), forty-two prefectures (_ken_), and one territory (_chō_). The imperial cities (_fu_) are Tōkyō, Ōsaka, and Kyōto; the one territory (_chō_) comprises the island of Yezo and the adjacent small islands including the Kuriles; and the prefectures (_ken_) have been formed from the provinces by combining and consolidating them in accordance with their convenience and proximity. There are only a few large cities in Japan, but very many of a small size.(13) Tōkyō,(14) the capital, contains 1,155,200 inhabitants. Ōsaka, the second largest city contains 473,541; Kyōto, the old capital, 289,588; Nagoya, 170,433; Kōbé, 136,968; and Yokohama, 127,987. These are all the cities containing as many as 100,000 inhabitants. Besides these there are four cities which have between 100,000 and 60,000; twelve which have between 60,000 and 40,000, and twelve which have between 40,000 and 30,000. The number of smaller towns is very great. The division of the country into _daimiates_, and the maintenance of a _daimyō_ town in each led to the establishment of many cities and large villages.