87 This must mean that improved methods of silk culture were introduced, for we have seen that this art was already known to the Japanese. 88 Bramsen’s _Japanese Chronological Tables_, Tokio, 1880, p. 18. 89 The author is indebted to the valuable paper read before the Asiatic Society of Japan by Willis Norton Whitney, M.D., for much of the information concerning medicine in Japan.—_Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. xii., part iv., p. 329. 90 For an enumeration of these boards and the officers and duties of each, see Walter Dickson’s _Japan_, p. 72. 91 See a note by Mr. Satow in Adams’ _History of Japan_, London, vol. i., p. 24. _ 92 Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. iii., part i. _ 93 Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. x., Supplement. 94 The _Kojiki_ has been translated into English by Professor B. H. Chamberlain, _Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. x., Supplement. 95 See Mori Arinori’s introduction to _Education in Japan_, New York, 1873, p. 17. 96 See a paper on “Abdication and Adoption,” by Mr. Shigeno An-Eki, translated by Mr. Walter Dening, in _Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. xv., p. 72. 97 His predecessor died A.D. 661, and there was an _interregnum_ during which Tenji was regent till A.D. 668, when he was made emperor. 98 See p. 47, note. 99 Quoted in Henry von Siebold’s _Japanese Archæology_, Yokohama 1879, p. 8. 100 See p. 58. 101 Satow and Hawes’ _Handbook of Japan_, London, 1884. 102 For ten years preceding 794 the capital was a wanderer. 103 See the _Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan_, vol. viii., p. 88. The inscription is in part as follows: Castle of Taga, Distant from the capital, Ri 1500 Distant from the frontier of Yezo, Ri 120 Distant from Hitachi, Ri 412 Distant from Shimotsuke, Ri 274 Distant from Makkatsu, Ri 3000. _ 104 Education in Japan_, New York, 1873, p. 17. 105 See p. 47. 106 These instances are taken from the paper on abdication and adoption, by Shigeno An-eki, as translated by Mr. Walter Dening, _Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. xv., p. 74. 107 See Chamberlain’s _Things Japanese_, under the article on abdication. Yokohama, 1892. 108 See p. 66 _et seq._ 109 At the time that Dickson collected his statistics of the families of the court, two of the Sugawara family were teachers of the young emperor. Six families of _kuges_ count their descent from the Sugawara. Dickson’s _Japan_, London, 1869, p. 59. 110 See chapter on “Education in the Early Ages,” by Otsuki Sinji, in _Japanese Education_, New York, 1876, p. 64.