227 The _Confucian_ classics consist of the Four Books, viz.: _The Great Learning_, _The Doctrine of the Mean_, _The Confucian Analects_, and _The Sayings of Mencius_; and the Five Canons, viz.: _The Book of Changes_, _The Book of Poetry_, _The Book of History_, _The Canon of Rites_, and _Spring and Autumn_ (_Annals of the State of Lu_, by Confucius). Chamberlain’s _Things Japanese_, 1892, p. 92. 228 An accurate and amusing account of the printing of a modern newspaper in Japan is given in Mr. Henry Norman’s _Real Japan_, p, 43 _et seq._ 229 For a history of the city of Yedo, and reference to the disasters to which it has been subject from fires, earthquakes, and pestilences, see Satow and Hawes’ _Handbook_, p. 6. See also “The Castle of Yedo,” by T. R. H. McClatchie, _Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. vi., part 1, and “The Feudal Mansions of Yedo,” _Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. vii., part 3. 230 See Dickson’s _Japan_, p. 294. 231 Those who desire a fuller explanation of this complicated and difficult matter are referred to Dr. Yoshida’s _Staatsverfassung und Lehnwesen von Japan_, Hague, 1890, and to the paper on “The Feudal System in Japan,” by J. H. Gubbins, Esq., _Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. xv., part 2; also to the introduction by Professor Wigmore, _do._, vol. xx., Supplement, p. 25. 232 In the _Legacy of Ieyasu_ will be found the following statement: “The _fudai_ are those _samurai_ who followed me and proffered me their fealty before the overthrow of the castle of Ōsaka in the province of Sesshū. The _tozama_ are those _samurai_ who returned and submitted to me after its downfall, of whom there were eighty-six.”—See _Legacy of Ieyasu_, cap. vii. _ 233 Ancien Japon_, vol. ii. 234 Dickson’s _Japan_, p. 303. 235 See _Legacy of Ieyasu_, cap. xiv. 236 See _Legacy of Ieyasu_, cap. xxxvii. 237 For the general history of the sword, see Mitford’s _Tales of Old Japan_, vol. i., p. 70; T. R. H. McClatchie’s, The sword of Japan, _Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. vi., p. 55; Chamberlain’s _Things Japanese_, 1892, p. 396. For the mode of manufacture, see Rein’s _Industries of Japan_, p. 430; and especially for the artistic decoration of swords, see Satow and Hawes’ _Hand-book_, p. 114. 238 I have been told by a young Satsuma _samurai_ that when he was a boy it was a test of skill with the sword, to set a chop-stick (which was about six inches long) on its end and before it could fall over to draw a sword from its scabbard and cut it in two. 239 For an account of _hara-kiri_ see the “Story of the Forty-Seven Ronins” in Mitford’s _Tales of Old Japan_, vol. i., p. 1. 240 See _Legacy of Ieyasu_, cap. xxxi. 241 See _Legacy of Ieyasu_, cap. xxviii.