221 Mr. Koeckebacker says: “The rebels counted in all, young and old, as it was said, about forty thousand. They were all killed except one of the four principal leaders, being an artist who formerly used to gain his livelihood by making idols. This man was kept alive and sent to Yedo.”—Dr. Geerts’ paper, _Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. xi., part 1, p. 107. There is a tradition that a number of the prisoners who were captured at this castle were hurled down from the rocks of the island now called Papenberg in Nagasaki harbor. But Dr. Geerts ridicules this notion and says: “A little local knowledge would show it to be impossible to throw people from the rocks on Papenberg into the sea, as the rocks are by no means steep bluffs, but possess an inclined shape and a shore. A little knowledge of the Dutch language would further show that the name Papenberg means ‘mountain of the priest,’ in allusion to the shape of a Roman Catholic priest’s cap or bonnet.”—_Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. xi., part 1, p. 115. 222 See Dr. Geerts’ paper, _Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. xi., part 1, pp. 110 and 111. 223 A Japanese writer thus sums up the result of the effort to introduce Christianity into his country: “After nearly a hundred years of Christianity and foreign intercourse, the only apparent results of this contact with another religion and civilization were the adoption of gunpowder and firearms as weapons, the use of tobacco and the habit of smoking, the making of sponge-cake, the naturalization into the language of a few foreign words, and the introduction of new and strange forms of disease.”—Shigetaka Shiga’s _History of Nations_, Tōkyō, 1888. The words introduced into the language from the Portuguese, except several derived from Christianity, are as follows: _tabako_, tobacco; _pan_ (_pāo_), bread; _kasutera_ (from Castilla), sponge-cake; _tanto_, much; _kappa_ (_capa_), a waterproof; _kappu_ (_copa_), a cup or wine glass; _birōdo_ (_vellendo_), velvet; _biidoro_ (_vidro_), glass.—Rein’s _Japan_, p. 312. 224 See Mr. Satow’s contributions to the discussion of Mr. Gubbins’ paper, _Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. vi., part 1, p. 61; also Satow and Hawes’ _Handbook_, p. 22; also Griffis’ _Mikado’s Empire_, p. 262; and Professor Dixon’s paper on the Christian Valley, _Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. xvi., p. 207. 225 See Chamberlain’s _Things Japanese_, 1892, p. 300. 226 See _Legacy of Ieyasu_, cap. xv.