Ancestor-worship, introduction to religion of, 21-32; the real religion of Japan, 21; summary of the three forms of, 21-22; the family-cult of, 21-22, 25-26; characteristics of earliest, 24 ff.; stability of, in Japan for two thousand years, 32; summary of beliefs surviving from, 31; three stages of, 33-34; evolution of permanent form from funeral-rites, 34-51: characteristics of religion of, to-day, 51-53; bearing of, on family-organization of, 55 ff. ; marriage under the religion of, 107 ff. ; four classes of, to-day, 123-124; accommodation of Buddhism to, 183-184; toleration of ancient European, by Roman Catholicism, 191; Buddhist theory of rebirths reconciled to, 195 n.; Confucian system founded on, 177-178, 292; needless attacks on, account for smallness of result, of modern missions, 339, 473-475; protection of, by modern laws, 385-388; obstacles presented to Christianity by, 473-475. "Ancient Japanese Rituals", 43 n. See Satow. Animals, absence of cruelty to, 12-13; kindness to, taught by Buddhism, 196-197. Animism, development of, 131-132. Antigone, comparison of the Japanese woman to, 366. Apes, images of Koshin's symbolic, 200. Apprentices, obligation of, to avenge masters, 293; past and present position of, 406. Architecture, displayed in Buddhist temples, 199-200. Arima, lord of Shimabara, 324, 325. Army, birth of modern, 376: pay of officers in, 412. Art, knowledge of Japanese religion necessary to understanding of, 2-3; introduction by Buddhism, 197-198, 204, 459; forms of, in Buddhist temples, 198-199; expulsion of Jesuits, a fortunate thing for, 341-342; causes which tended to production of a multitude of objects of, 356; effect of modern industrial conditions on, 451. Artizans, gods of, 124-125; clans of, 235; position of, under quasi-feudal system, 245-246; organizations of, see Guilds. Arts, developed in Japan under Buddhist teaching, 188; progress of the, under Iyeyasu, 279. Asada, Lieutenant, suicide of widow of, 289. Asceticism, Shinto, 149-150. Ashikaga shogunate, 271-273. Sec undo Iyeyasu. Aston, W.G., translation of the Nihongi by, cited, 38, 39, 112 n., 151 n., 164 n., 232 n., 234 n.; "Early Japanese History" by, cited, 259 n. Bambetsu, "Foreign Branch", the mass of people, 235-236. Banishment, punishment by, 96-99. Banner-supporters (hatamoto), 243. Bateren, Roman Catholic priests, 311 n. Bato-Kwannon, images of, 200. Behaviour, sumptuary regulations as to, 173-174; proclamation of Shotoku Taishi regarding, 359-360. Births, regulations as to presents on occasions of, 165; registration of, by Buddhist priests, 203-204. Black, an Englishman, as a Japanese story-teller, 10-11. Bon-odori, dances of the festival of the dead, 202. Boundaries, gods of, 130. Bow, etiquette of the, 174. Boys, conduct of, regulated by the community, 89-90; proverb regarding mischievousness of, 421.