3rd. Continuing along the eastern side and turning to the south, after passing by a ditch excavated in the rock, we come to a pool and to the Gate of Saint Mary, _Bâb-Sitti-Mariam_ of the Arabs, called by many S. Stephen's Gate. Over the gateway are four lions in _bas relief_, said traditionally to have been placed there by the Khalif Omar[28]. The pool is called _Birket-Hammam-Sitti-Mariam_, or the Pool of the Bath of our Lady Mary. This gate leads to the valley of Kidron, commonly called the valley of Jehoshaphat, to Bethany, and to Jericho. 4th. At a short distance, towards the south, is the Golden Gate[29], which would open upon the area of the _Haram-es-Sherîf_. This is the most richly ornamented of all, and is remarkable for its architecture, of which I shall presently speak at greater length. It has long been closed up, doubtless on account of a legend, to which much importance is attached by the natives, which states that through this gate a sovereign from the west will enter, on a Friday, and make himself master of the city. In consequence, many resort to the gate every Friday to offer their mid-day prayer and to entreat God to deliver them from foreign invasions. 5th. Within a short distance is a very small gate, also built up, which M. de Saulcy was the first to recognize, (in my opinion wrongly,) as the gate of Jehoshaphat of the period of the Crusades. 6th. Passing the south-east corner of the wall, and proceeding westward, we observe a gate with a pointed arch, also walled up. 7th. Continuing in the same direction we find a triple gate, also closed with masonry. 8th. The southern gate, called by the Mohammedans _Bâb-el-Huldah_, Gate of Huldah[30]. This gate, now disused, is under the Mosque _el-Aksa_. Of its ornamentation I shall speak more fully in another place. 9th. Still keeping along the southern wall in a westerly direction we find the small Dung Gate, called by the Arabs _Bâb-el-Mogharibeh_, Gate of the western Africans. It is not kept open throughout the year; but when there is a scarcity of water in the city, it is used by the water-carriers. 10th. Ascending towards Sion, we reach the Sion Gate, _Bâb-Neby-Daûd_, (The Gate of the prophet David,) so called because it leads to the Sepulchre of David, which is at a short distance. Through it too is the way to the Christian and Jewish cemeteries. 11th. Lastly, on the west is the Jaffa Gate[31], or in Arabic, _Bâb-el-Khalíl_, (Gate of Hebron,) because through this gate is the best and shortest road to Hebron.