Jewish Theology, Systematically and Historically ConsideredKohler, Kaufmann
Religion
Jewish Theology, Systematically and Historically Considered
Kohler, Kaufmann
Judaism -- Doctrines
2. Scripture knows nothing of natural law, but presents the changing
phenomena of nature as special acts of God and considers the natural
forces His messengers carrying out His will. “He opens the windows of
heaven to let the rain descend upon the earth.”(441) “He leads out the
hosts of the stars according to their number and calleth them by
name.”(442) He makes the sun rise and set. “He says to the snow: Fall to
the earth!”(443) and calls to the wind to blow and to the lightning to
flash.(444) He causes the produce of the earth and the drought which
destroys them. “He opens the womb to make beasts and men bring forth their
young;” “He shuts up the womb to make them barren.”(445) “He also provides
the food for all His creatures in due season, even for the young ravens
when they cry.”(446) His breath keeps all alive. “He withdraweth their
breath, and they perish, and return to their dust. He sendeth forth His
spirit, they are created; He reneweth the face of the earth.”(447) We are
told also that God assigns to each being its functions, telling the earth
to bring forth fruit,(448) the sea not to trespass its boundary,(449) the
stars and the seas to maintain their order.(450) To each one He hath set a
measure, a law which they dare not transgress. God’s wisdom works in them;
they all are subject to His rule.
3. This conclusion betokens an obvious improvement upon the earlier and
more childlike view. It recognizes that there is an order in the universe
and all under divine supervision. Thus Jeremiah speaks of a covenant of
God with heaven and earth, and of the laws which they must obey,(451) and
in Genesis the rainbow is represented as a sign of the covenant of peace
made by God with the whole earth.(452) As God “maketh peace in the heavens
above,”(453) He establishes order in the world. As the various powers of
nature are invested with a degree of independence, God’s sovereignty
manifests itself in the regularity with which they interact and
coöperate.(454) The lore of the mystics speaks even of an oath which God
administered upon His holy Name to the heavens and the stars, the sea and
the abyss, that they should never break their designated bounds or disturb
the whole order of creation.(455)
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